Ultrasonic bath

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

The Ultrasonic bath is a laboratory equipment used for cleaning, mixing, or degassing of samples. It utilizes high-frequency sound waves to agitate the liquid in which the items are placed, facilitating the cleaning or mixing process.

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Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

Ultrasonic water bath (7 citations) Clifton ultrasonic bath (4 citations) Ultrasonic Bath 5.7L (2 citations) Ultrasonic bath Sonicator (2 citations) Ultrasonic bath 15337426 (2 citations)

20 protocols using ultrasonic bath

Synthesis of Crystalline Paracetamol Particles

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Excessive amount of PMOL (500 mg) was dissolved in minimal amount of ethanol (3 ml) and stirred with a magnetic stirrer in ambient until all PMOL got completely dissolved in the solvent making the solution completely transparent. The PMOL solution was then poured into n-hexane solution (200 ml) kept in an ultra-sonic bath at 50-kHz frequency (Fisher Chemicals, UK) until sono-crystallised PMOL particles precipitated completely. The precipitation of crystallised PMOL was then isolated by using a vacuum pump and washed with additional n-hexane and kept in oven at 50°C overnight to obtain dry PMOL crystals.
Manufactured crystallised PMOL was mixed with two hydrophilic polymers to investigate the possible drug/polymer miscibility and hence any interactions that may lead to a possible polymorphic transformation. The loadings of PMOL in the formulations were kept between 30 and 60% (w/w) as shown in Table I. Appropriate amount of drug and polymer was mixed in a mortar and pestle prior to a thorough blending in a TF2 Turbula mixture (Switzerland) for 10 min in order to obtain a homogenous drug/polymer binary mixture.Table I

Formulation Compositions of PMOL and Percentage Crystallinity of PMOL in Various Drug/Polymer Binary Blends

Name	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F6
Paracetamol	30	50	60	30	50	60
Eudragit EPO	70	50	40
Plasdone S630				70	50	40
Crystallinity (%)	28.2	48.2	58.3	27.9	47.7	58.7

Maniruzzaman M., Lam M., Molina C, & Nokhodchi A. (2016). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study of the Transformations of Micro/Nano-crystalline Acetaminophen Polymorphs in Drug-Polymer Binary Mixtures. AAPS PharmSciTech, 18(5), 1428-1437.

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Dual-Functionalized Liposomes for EGFR Targeting

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The 10 µmol of DOPC and 3.33 µmol of cholesterol (molar ratio = 3:1) were mixed in a round-bottom flask which contains 10 mL of chloroform. Then 0.8 µmol of DSPE-PEG-NHS linker, 0.67 µmol of DSPE-mPEG, 5 mg of GC, and 1 mg of DM1 were added into the mixture. To form a thin lipid film, the chloroform was evaporated by a rotary evaporator at 50 °C and 60 rpm for 1 hr. The gaseous chloroform residue was removed by vacuum pump. Then, the lipid was hydrated into 10 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), followed by horizontal shaking at 37 °C and 120 rpm for 1 hr. The hydrated liposomes were sonicated in an ultrasonic bath (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) for 15 min to reduce particle size. Then 6.67 nmol (1 mg) of anti-EGFR mAb was mixed with liposomes, followed by 2-h incubation at 40 °C. The packed drugs were titrated using HPLC (Shimadzu, Columbia, MD, USA) equipped with Shimadzu Nexcol C18 column (5 µm, 50 × 3.0 mm) with elution buffer of 55:45 methanol and water with flow rate of 0.65 mL/min at 25 °C.

Si Y., Zhang Y., Ngo H.G., Guan J.S., Chen K., Wang Q., Singh A.P., Xu Y., Zhou L., Yang E.S, & Liu X.(. (2021). Targeted Liposomal Chemotherapies to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers, 13(15), 3749.

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Preparing Prion Protein Fibrils for Cryo-EM

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Following treatment of fibrils with Proteinase K, insoluble material was resuspended in a solution one fifth the original volume and containing 2 % w/v SDS and sonicated in an ultrasonic bath (Fisher Scientific) for 10 minutes. Sonication for up to 20 minutes showed no observable effect on individual fibril morphology or size. However, sonication for intervals greater than or equal to 3 minutes modestly reduced fibril clumping. 1.8 μL of Proteinase K-treated rPrP^94-178 fibrils in 2 % SDS were applied to each side of glow-discharged holey carbon grids (Quantifoil, R1.2/1.3 200 mesh Cu, Electron Microscopy Sciences) after 10 minutes of bath sonication (Extended Data Fig. 1). Blotting and plunge freezing into liquid ethane was performed on a FEI Vitrobot Mark IV using a blot force of 1 and a blot time of 7 seconds with no wait or drain time.

Glynn C., Sawaya M.R., Ge P., Gallagher-Jones M., Short C.W., Bowman R., Apostol M., Zhou Z.H., Eisenberg D, & Rodriguez J.A. (2020). Cryo-EM structure of a human prion fibril with a hydrophobic, protease-resistant core. Nature structural & molecular biology, 27(5), 417-423.

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Antioxidant Potential of Ganoderma curtisii

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Reagent grade methanol (3 mL) was added to 75 mg of each sample. Samples were placed in an ultrasonic bath (Fisher-Scientific, Chicago, IL, USA) for 10 min, then centrifuged for 5 min at 2000 rpm (Eppendorf 5810R, Hamburg, Germany). The supernatant was collected, and the extraction was repeated twice. The supernatant collected from the three extractions was brought to 10 mL with ultra-pure water (Milli-Q^®).
Antioxidant activity was determined using the method described by Huang, D. et al. (2002) [11 (link)] with modifications for Ganoderma curtisii. The extracts were diluted 1:16 with phosphate buffer and the final reaction volume was 200 μL. Dissolution buffer was used instead of antioxidant as a blank. Five Trolox solutions were prepared (20%, 40%, 50%, 80%, and 100%). The area under the fluorescence decay curve was calculated for the blank and the sample, and the difference was expressed as micromole Trolox equivalents per 100 mL (μmol ET/100 mL). As a control for comparison with treatments, the antioxidant activity of the fruiting body collected in the natural environment was quantified.

Rosales-López C., Arce-Torres F., Monge-Artavia M, & Rojas-Chaves M. (2022). Evaluation of the Use of Elicitors for the Production of Antioxidant Compounds in Liquid Cultures of Ganoderma curtisii from Costa Rica. Molecules, 27(13), 4265.

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Quantifying Bacterial Cell Attachment

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The numbers of viable cells attached to the wells of the microtiter plates were determined by standard plate culture methodology with slight modifications (Sanders 2012) . Each inoculated well was washed twice with PBS to remove unbound and loosely attached cells.
One ml of PBS was then added to each well and the plates were sonicated in an ultrasonic bath (Fisher Scientific, Leicestershire, United Kingdom ) for 5min (Kobayashi et al. 2009 ).
To enhance removal of attached cells, the wells were scrapped carefully with the tip of 1ml pipette to fully remove all biomass. Recovered biomass was transferred into a 1.5ml
Eppendorf tube and vigorously vortexed for 2min. This was followed by a sequential ten-fold serial dilution in PBS, and plating out on nutrient agar using the technique of Miles and Misra (Miles et al. 1938) . The inoculated plates were incubated at 37 o C for 24h, after which the CFU/well was recorded and converted to log 10 CFU/well values.

Amaeze N., Akinbobola A., Chukwuemeka V., Abalkhaila A., Ramage G., Kean R., Staines H., Williams C, & Mackay W. (2020). Development of a high throughput and low cost model for the study of semi-dry biofilms. Biofouling, 36(4).

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Frozen Tissue Metabolite Extraction

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Frozen tissue homogenate from each sample (30 ± 5 mg) was transferred to a 2 ml reaction tube and extracted with 1 ml of 80% aqueous methanol (containing 6 mg/L anthracene-9-carboxylic acid as internal standard) for 10 min [multi-tube vortexer (VWR Scientific, South Plainfield, NY, United States) at highest speed setting] and subsequent sonication for 20 min (ultrasonic bath at highest intensity setting, Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NY, United States). Following centrifugation for 10 min at 13,000 × g, supernatants were filtered through 0.22 μm polypropylene filter material and collected in plastic inserts for 2 ml reaction vials.

Šamec D., Pierz V., Srividya N., Wüst M, & Lange B.M. (2019). Assessing Chemical Diversity in Psilotum nudum (L.) Beauv., a Pantropical Whisk Fern That Has Lost Many of Its Fern-Like Characters. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 868.

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Quantifying Permethrin Retention in Mosquito Fabrics

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The swatches used for mosquito studies were used to test the amount of permethrin retention. Permethrin content was determined as described in Richards et al. [16 (link)]. Briefly, fabric swatches were transferred to separate amber glass vials containing 40 ml acetone and soaked for one h to extract permethrin in a water-filled Sonicator (Ultrasonic Bath, Fisher Scientific, Kennesaw, GA). Extracts (1.5 ml) from swatches were transferred to 1.5 ml amber GC vials and 1 μl of the extract was analyzed directly by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) using an Agilent GC 6850 (Agilent Technologies, Alpharette, GA).

Sullivan K.M., Poffley A., Funkhouser S., Driver J., Ross J., Ospina M., Calafat A.M., Beard C.B., White A., Balanay J.A., Richards S., Dyer M., Mather T.N, & Meshnick S. (2019). Bioabsorption and effectiveness of long-lasting permethrin-treated uniforms over three months among North Carolina outdoor workers. Parasites & Vectors, 12, 52.

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Synthesis of Carbon Nitride Nanosheets

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Melamine (5 g) was loaded into a porcelain crucible covered with a lid, which was then transferred into a muffle furnace and heated to 550 °C for 4 h with a ramping rate of 2.3 °C min⁻¹ in air atmosphere, followed by cooling down to room temperature. The yellow product was ground into a fine powder and denoted as bulk CN. Then, 200 mg CN was dispersed in 200 mL H₂O, followed by continuous sonication for 12 h in an ultrasonic bath (Fisherbrand, 90 W) with full amplitude. The resulting suspension was centrifuged at 2375 × g for 10 min to remove large unexfoliated particles, upon which the supernatant was collected and further subjected to 3-day free standing for purification. Finally, the supernatant was extracted from the precipitate using a pipette and denoted as CN nanosheet.

Wang Y., Lian T., Tarakina N.V., Yuan J, & Antonietti M. (2022). Lamellar carbon nitride membrane for enhanced ion sieving and water desalination. Nature Communications, 13, 7339.

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Size-Resolved E-Cigarette Emission Analysis

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A Sioutas cascade
impactor (SKC Inc., Eighty Four, PA) was used to collect the size-dependent
particulate fractions of the E-cig emissions. Particles were deposited
onto five different filter pads with the size fractions of filter
A (>2.5 μm), filter B (1.0–2.5 μm), filter C
(0.50–1.0
μm), filter D (0.25–0.5 μm), and filter L (<0.25
μm). The discs of the Sioutas cascade impactor are made of anodized
aluminum with O-rings being Buna-N (nitrile) and filter retainers
acrylic. A 25 mm diameter SKC PTFE filter with 0.5 μm pore size
was placed between discs labeled A, B, C, and D, whereas a 37 mm diameter
SKC PTFE filter with 2.0 μm pore size was used for the filter
L. For sampling, a constant flow rate of 9.0 L/min was maintained
using the Leland Legacy Pump (SKC Inc, Eighty Four, PA). After sampling,
the impactor was disassembled in a dust-free environment, and all
the filters were placed in individual vials with 5 mL methylene chloride
for extraction. The extraction of analytes in the five particulate
fractions was done by sonicating the filters for 1 h in an ultrasonic
bath (Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA). The extract volumes were
reduced to 1.5 mL by gently blowing nitrogen gas using a 6-position
solvent evaporator (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). The concentrated
samples were filtered using Phenex 0.2 μm filters (Phenomenex,
Torrance, CA) prior to GC–MS analysis.

Ooi B.G., Dutta D., Kazipeta K, & Chong N.S. (2019). Influence of the E-Cigarette Emission Profile by the Ratio of Glycerol to Propylene Glycol in E-Liquid Composition. ACS Omega, 4(8), 13338-13348.

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Extraction of Olive Leaf Phenolics

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Olive leaves were harvested in April from trees of the cv Coratina present in the CREA OFA experimental olive orchard located in Rende (Italy). The cv Coratina was chosen for its high phenolic, and, in particular, oleuropein content in leaves [30 (link),31 (link),32 (link)]. The leaves, immediately after harvesting, were cleaned and subjected to mechanical crushing in water by means of a blender (1.5 kg of leaves in 3 L of distilled water). To facilitate the phenolic extraction, the mixture was kept under shaking in an ultrasonic bath (Fisher Scientific, Milan, Italy) for 15 min. To obtain the mechanical separation of the liquid component from the solid one, the paste obtained was subjected to centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min. The supernatant (aqueous phase) was collected and subjected to a second centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 5 min and then to filtration on ashless filter paper (Whatman International Ltd., Maidston, England) to better clean the solution. Aliquots of extract subsequently filtered through PTFE filters (0.45 µm, Millipore Merk, Darmstadt, Germany) were analyzed for single phenols by LC-MS/MS and for total polar phenols by HPLC.

Vizzarri V., Ienco A., Benincasa C., Perri E., Pucci N., Cesari E., Novellis C., Rizzo P., Pellegrino M., Zaffina F, & Lombardo L. (2023). Phenolic Extract from Olive Leaves as a Promising Endotherapeutic Treatment against Xylella fastidiosa in Naturally Infected Olea europaea (var. europaea) Trees. Biology, 12(8), 1141.

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