Sodium carbonate

Analytical grade methanol, acetonitrile, and water were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Reagent grade chemicals, including methoxyamine hydrochloride, pyridine, and N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Analytical-grade chemicals, namely, acetic acid, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol, formaldehyde solution, formic acid, methoxyamine hydrochloride, p-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenol β-d-glucopyranoside (p-NPG), potassium persulfate, pyridine, sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, starch, N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), and tyrosine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).

HPLC-grade water, methanol, and acetonitrile (HPLC grade and Optima LC/MS grade) were purchased form Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Formic acid, methoxyamine hydrochloride, pyridine, N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), potassium persulfate, 2,21-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol, sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, formaldehyde solution 37%, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), gallic acid, and naringin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate and diethylene glycol were obtained from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 2-Chlorophenylalanine was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).

HPLC-grade methanol, water, and acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Analytical-grade potassium persulfate, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, formic acid, N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluor-oacetamide (MSTFA), methoxyamine hydrochloride, pyridine, standard compounds (HPLC-grade), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), gallic acid, and naringin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate and diethylene glycol were obtained from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).

HPLC-grade water, ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Analytical-grade potassium persulfate, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline -6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen chloride (HCl), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), iron (III) chloride, sodium acetate, acetic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu′s phenol reagent, formic acid, and standard compounds (HPLC-grade) 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), gallic acid, naringin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside (purity ≥ 98.0%), quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (purity ≥ 94.0%), and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (purity ≥ 97.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate and diethylene glycol were obtained from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).

Potato dextrose agar media (Difco) was purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). HPLC-grade water, acetonitrile, and methanol were obtained from Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd. (Pittsburgh, PA, United States). Analytical-grade sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and diethylene glycol were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All remaining analytical-grade reagents and standard compounds used in this study were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States).

The roots of S. miltiorrhiza were purchased in the local market in Seoul, Korea, in June 2017. All solvents for extraction were of Low Particulate grade and purchased from SK Chemicals (Ulsan, Korea). Glucose, gallic acid, quercetin dihydrate, the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride, anthrone, sulfuric acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-hydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium carbonate, potassium acetate, ascorbic acid, and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Methanol was purchased from Burdick & Jackson (Ulsan, Korea). Malt extract broth and brain heart infusion (BHI) were purchased from Difco (Sparks, MD, USA), and tryptic soy broth (TSB) was purchased from MB cell (Seoul, Korea).