Rat anti somatostatin

Manufactured by Merck Group

Rat anti-somatostatin is an antibody product used in laboratory research. It is designed to detect and bind to the somatostatin peptide hormone. Somatostatin is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes. The rat anti-somatostatin antibody can be utilized in techniques such as immunoassays to study somatostatin and its functions.

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Lab products found in correlation

Mouse anti parvalbumin, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Guinea pig anti insulin, by Agilent Technologies (3 mentions) Goat anti somatostatin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (3 mentions) Mouse anti neun, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Mouse anti gaba, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Rabbit anti gaba, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Tcs sp8, by Leica (2 mentions) Bz x710, by Keyence (2 mentions) Rabbit anti satb2 antibody, by Abcam (2 mentions) Alexa 488 conjugated donkey antibody against rabbit igg, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (2 mentions) Cy2 conjugated donkey antibody against mouse or rat igg, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (2 mentions) Rem 700, by Yamato Scientific (2 mentions) Rabbit anti gfp, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Biotinylated secondary antibody, by Vector Laboratories (2 mentions) Rabbit anti cleaved caspase 3, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions) Fitc isolectin b4, by Vector Laboratories (2 mentions) Alexa fluor conjugated secondary antibody, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Rabbit anti pten, by Abcam (2 mentions) Mouse anti parvalbumin, by Swant (2 mentions) Rabbit anti dsred, by Takara Bio (2 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Somatostatin (31 citations) Anti-somatostatin (6 citations) Rat monoclonal anti-somatostatin antibody (4 citations)

13 protocols using rat anti somatostatin

Histological Analysis of SIK1-MT Mice

Cited 2 times

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Histological analysis was followed by previous procedures (Mori and Morimoto, 2014 (link); Mori et al., 2019 (link)). Briefly, under deep anesthesia, 2-month-old male wild-type and SIK1-MT mice were perfused transcardially with ice-cold PBS (pH 7.4), followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. Fifty-micrometer-thick coronal sections were prepared with a sliding microtome (REM-700, Yamato Kohki Industrial). The sections were washed with PBS; blocked with PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin, 0.1% Triton-X-100, and 10% of normal donkey serum; and incubated with mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:2000, Sigma), rat anti-somatostatin (1:200, Merck Millipore), or rabbit anti-Satb2 antibody (1:200, Abcam). After overnight incubation with primary antibodies, the brain sections were washed with PBS containing 0.1% Triton-X-100 and incubated with Alexa 488-conjugated donkey antibody against rabbit IgG or Cy2-conjugated donkey antibody against mouse or rat IgG (Jackson Immunoresearch), respectively, for 2–3 h at room temperature. After further washing with PBS, brain sections were mounted on a sliding glass, counterstained with DAPI, and coverslipped. Fluorescence images were taken with an all-in-one fluorescent microscope (BZ-X710, Keyence) and a confocal laser-scanning microscope (TCS SP8; Leica Microsystems).

Badawi M., Mori T., Kurihara T., Yoshizawa T., Nohara K., Kouyama-Suzuki E., Yanagawa T., Shirai Y, & Tabuchi K. (2021). Risperidone Mitigates Enhanced Excitatory Neuronal Function and Repetitive Behavior Caused by an ASD-Associated Mutation of SIK1. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 14, 706494.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Brain

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Histological analysis was followed by previous procedures [24, 25] . Brie y, under deep anesthesia, two months old mice were perfused transcardially with ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4), followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. Fifty-μm-thick coronal sections were prepared with a sliding microtome (REM-700, Yamato Kohki Industrial). The sections were washed with PBS, blocked with PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin, 0.1% Triton-X100 and 10% of normal donkey serum and incubated with mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:2000, Sigma), rat anti-somatostatin (1:200, Merck Millipore), or rabbit anti-Satb2 antibody (1:200, Abcam). After overnight incubation with primary antibodies, the brain sections were washed with PBS containing 0.1% Triton-X100 and incubated with Alexa 488-conjugated donkey antibody against rabbit IgG or Cy2-conjugated donkey antibody against mouse or rat IgG (Jackson immunoresearch), respectively, for 2-3 hours at room temperature. After further washing with PBS, brain sections were mounted on a slide glass, counterstained with DAPI, and coverslipped.
Fluorescence images were taken with an all-in-one uorescent microscope (BZ-X710, Keyence) and a confocal laser-scanning microscope (TCS SP8; Leica Microsystems).

Badawi M., Mori T., Kurihara T., Yoshizawa T., Nohara K., Kouyama-Suzuki E., Yanagawa T., Shirai Y., & Tabuchi K. (2021). An autism-associated mutation in salt inducible kinase 1 causes repetitive behavior and social deficits due to enhanced excitatory neuronal functions in mice.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Pancreatic Islets

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Tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min at 4°C, embedded in paraffin and 5μm sections applied to glass slides. These sections were assayed using DAPI as counterstain. The primary antibodies used were guinea pig anti-insulin (1/500; DAKO), rat anti-somatostatin (1/250; Millipore), goat anti-somatostatin (1/500; Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-PC1/3 (1/500; Millipore), rabbit anti-NeuroD1 (1/500; Millipore), rat anti-C-peptide (1/500; Phoenix pharmaceuticals), rabbit anti-Hhex (1/50; R&D. The secondary antibodies (1/1,000; Invitrogen and Jackson ImmunoResearch) used were Alexa Fluor 488, 594, and 647 and Cy3 and Cy5. Images were collected at room temperature on an AxioImagerZ.1 upright microscope (Zeiss) equipped with a Zeiss 10× Plan-Neofluar dry NA 0.3 and/or Zeiss 20× Plan-Apochromat dry NA 0.8 and/or Zeiss 20× Plan-Neofluar dry NA 0.5, a DAPI filter (excitation [Ex] 365/12 nm, dichroic mirror [DM] 395 nm, emission [Em] 445/50), a GFP filter (Ex 470/40 nm, DM 495 nm, and Em 525/50 nm), a rhodamine filter (Ex 546/12 nm, DM 560 nm, and Em 608/65 nm), a Texas red filter (Ex 560/40 nm, DM 582 nm, and Em 630/785 nm), and/or a Cy5 filter (Ex 640/30 nm, DM 660 nm, Em 690/50 nm).

Garrido-Utrilla A., Ayachi C., Friano M.E., Atlija J., Balaji S., Napolitano T., Silvano S., Druelle N, & Collombat P. (2022). Conversion of Gastrointestinal Somatostatin-Expressing D Cells Into Insulin-Producing Beta-Like Cells Upon Pax4 Misexpression. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 13, 861922.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neural Markers

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We used the following antibodies: rabbit anti-GFP (1:2000; Molecular Probes), chicken anti-GFP (1:2000; Abcam), mouse anti-parvalbumin (1:2000; Sigma-Aldrich), rabbit anti-GFAP (1:20 000; Dako), rabbit anti-Iba1 (1:1000; Wako), rat anti-somatostatin (1:5000; Millipore), mouse anti-GABA (1:4000; Sigma-Aldrich), and mouse anti-NeuN (1:2000; Chemicon).
Immunohistochemistry was performed as described previously (Braz et al., 2012 (link)). Sections were viewed with a Nikon Eclipse fluorescence microscope, and images were collected with a Zeiss camera (Axiocam). High-resolution confocal images taken on a Zeiss confocal confirmed that the immunoreactivity was cytoplasmic (0.8 µm optical sections). Brightness and contrast were adjusted using ImageJ (Version 1.49b).

Juarez-Salinas D.L., Braz J.M., Etlin A., Gee S., Sohal V, & Basbaum A.I. (2019). GABAergic cell transplants in the anterior cingulate cortex reduce neuropathic pain aversiveness. Brain, 142(9), 2655-2669.

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Brain Tissue Preparation and Immunohistochemistry

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Postnatal animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal avertin (0.015 ml/g of a 2.5% solution) and perfused transcardially with PBS and then with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Whole brain was isolated and then subjected to 4–5 hours fixation in 4% PFA, cryoprotection in 30% sucrose in PBS, and cut frozen coronally on a freezing sliding microtome at 40 μm. For immunohistochemistry all primary and secondary antibodies were diluted in PBS containing 10% Normal Serum, 0.25% Triton X-100 and 2% BSA. The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-parvalbumin (1:3000, Swant Swiss Abs), rat anti-somatostatin (1:200, Millipore), goat anti-somatostatin (1:100, Santa Cruz), mouse anti-calretinin (1:1,000, Millipore), rabbit anti-VIP (1:300, Immunostar) and goat anti-ChAT (1:100, Millipore). Sections processed for immunofluorescence were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For indirect immunohistochemistry, sections were incubated with biotinylated secondary antibodies (Jackson), diluted 1:300, and processed by the ABC histochemical method (Vector Laboratories). Black reaction, to enhance contrast, was obtained by mixing 0.05% diaminobenzidine (DAB) plus 2.5% in a volume of 1% Cobalt chloride and 1% nickel ammonium sulfate. The reaction was carried out by adding 0.01% hydrogen peroxide (Adams, 1981 (link)).

Dickel D.E., Ypsilanti A.R., Pla R., Zhu Y., Barozzi I., Mannion B.J., Khin Y.S., Fukuda-Yuzawa Y., Plajzer-Frick I., Pickle C.S., Lee E.A., Harrington A.N., Pham Q.T., Garvin T.H., Kato M., Osterwalder M., Akiyama J.A., Afzal V., Rubenstein J.L., Pennacchio L.A, & Visel A. (2018). Ultraconserved Enhancers Are Required for Normal Development. Cell, 172(3), 491-499.e15.

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Perfusion, Fixation, and Immunostaining of Mouse Brains

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Mice were anaesthetised with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital and
transcardially perfused with saline followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA).
Brains from pups younger than P6 were post-fixed for 4 h while brains from mice
older than P6 were post-fixed for 2 h at 4°C. Brains were sectioned
either on the sliding microtome at 30 or 40 µm as previously
described52 (link) or on a vibratome at 40
or 60 µm. All primary and secondary antibodies were diluted in PBS
containing 0.25% Triton X-100 and 2% BSA. The following antibodies were used:
goat anti-CTGF (1:200, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti cleaved-caspase-3 (1:200, Cell
Signalling), rabbit anti-dsRed (1:500, Clontech), goat anti-mCherry (1:500,
Antibodies-online), rabbit anti-GABA (1:2000, Millipore), mouse anti-GABA
(1:500, Sigma), mouse anti-NeuN (1:500, Millipore) mouse anti-parvalbumin
(1:1000, Swant), rabbit anti-parvalbumin (1:5000, Swant), rat anti-somatostatin
(1:300, Millipore) and rabbit anti-PTEN (1:500, Abcam). We used Alexa
Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen). For biotin amplification,
sections were incubated with biotinylated secondary antibody (1:200, Vector
labs), followed by Alexa Fluor-conjugated Streptavidin (1:200, Vector labs).
Blood vessels were stained with Isolectin-B4-FITC or Isolectin-B4-Dylight 594
(1:500, Vector labs).

Wong F.K., Bercsenyi K., Sreenivasan V., Portalés A., Fernández-Otero M, & Marín O. (2018). Pyramidal cell regulation of interneuron survival sculpts cortical networks. Nature, 557(7707), 668-673.

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Immunohistochemical Labeling of Somatostatin and Parvalbumin in Brain Slices

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25-μm cryosectioned brain slices were permeabilized in 0.6% Triton X-100 and blocked in 3% normal goat serum in PBS for 1 hr in free-floating conditions. Primary antibody was incubated overnight in 1% normal goat serum and 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS (Rat anti-Somatostatin, 1:500, Millipore; Mouse anti-Parvalbumin, 1:500, Sigma-Aldrich). For visualization, slices were incubated with secondary antibody for 1 hour (Goat AMCA-conjugated anti-Rat, 1:500, Jackson immunoResearch laboratory; Goat Alexa350-conjugated anti-Mouse, 1:500, Molecular probes). Immunostained slices were mounted and scanned on a standard epi-fluorescent microscope (Olympus, BX63) under both 10× (Olympus, 0.4NA) & 20× (Olympus, 0.75NA) objectives.

Choi K., Holly E., Davatolhagh M.F., Beier K.T, & Fuccillo M.V. (2018). Integrated anatomical and physiological mapping of striatal afferent projections. The European journal of neuroscience, 49(5), 623-636.

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Immunohistochemical Profiling of Cortical Interneurons

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The mice were killed by transcardial perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde and the brains were dissected and sectioned coronally at 50 μm. Sections comprising the somatosensory cortex were incubated in a blocking solution containing 5% donkey serum and 0.2% Triton X-100 in phosphate buffer for 1 h, followed by the incubation with the blocking solution containing mouse anti-parvalbumin (Sigma, 1:1,000) or rat anti-somatostatin (Millipore, 1:200) antibodies or fluorescein-labelled Wisteria floribunda lectin (Vector Laboratories, 1:500), in combinations with rabbit anti-GABA (Sigma, 1:500) or guinea pig anti-type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT2, Millipore, 1:1,000) antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Primary antibodies were fluorescently labelled by incubation with appropriate secondary antibodies conjugated with Alexa Fluor-405, -488 and -594 (1:200, Invitrogen). Fluorescence images were taken using LSM710 confocal laser-scanning microscope (Zeiss). VGluT2 staining was used to visualize barrel structures of the somatosensory barrel cortex, based on the dense labelling of axon terminals from thalamocortical projections49 (link). The specific interneuron cell types were counted manually using FIJI image processing software.

Takada N., Pi H.J., Sousa V.H., Waters J., Fishell G., Kepecs A, & Osten P. (2014). A developmental cell-type switch in cortical interneurons leads to a selective defect in cortical oscillations. Nature Communications, 5, 5333.

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Immunostaining of Pancreatic Tissues

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Tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min at 4°C, embedded in paraffin and 8 µm sections applied to glass slides. These sections were assayed as described previously (Collombat et al., 2003 (link)) using DAPI as counterstain. The primary antibodies used were guinea pig anti-insulin (1/500; DAKO), anti-Pdx1 (1/1,000; provided by C. Wright, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN); chicken anti-vimentin (1/4,000; Millipore); rat anti-somatostatin (1/250; Millipore) and anti-BrdU (1/50; Abcam); goat anti-somatostatin (1/500; Santa Cruz); mouse anti-BrdU (1/50; Roche), anti-Ngn3 (1/250; DSHB), and anti-glucagon (1/500; Sigma); rabbit anti-glucagon (1/500; R&D Systems), anti–glut-2 (1/500; Chemicon), anti-PC1/3 (1/500; Millipore), anti-Nkx6.1 (1/3000; NovoNordisk), anti-Pax6 (1/500; BioLegend), anti-Pax4 (1/500; provided by B. Sosa-Pineda, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL), anti-NeuroD1 (1/500; Millipore), and anti-synaptophysin (1/400; Abcam). The secondary antibodies (1/1,000; Invitrogen and Jackson ImmunoResearch) used were Alexa Fluor 488, 594, and 647 and Cy3 and Cy5. For histological analyses, sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin or Picro-Sirius red staining. Images were processed as described in Microscope image acquisition.

Druelle N., Vieira A., Shabro A., Courtney M., Mondin M., Rekima S., Napolitano T., Silvano S., Navarro-Sanz S., Hadzic B., Avolio F., Rassoulzadegan M., Schmid H.A., Mansouri A, & Collombat P. (2017). Ectopic expression of Pax4 in pancreatic δ cells results in β-like cell neogenesis. The Journal of Cell Biology, 216(12), 4299-4311.

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Verifying Somatostatin-Positive Neurons

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For L2/3 recordings in Nxk2.1^IREScreKcnq2^f/f;Kcnq3^f/f mice, we verified SST positive cells by including in the recording solution either biocytin (0.05%; Sigma, cat# B4261) or lucifer yellow (0.1%, molecular probes, cat# L1177). Slices were subsequently fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (PB; pH 7.4) at 4°C and rinsed with PBS. Using standard immunofluorescence approach slices were incubated with 0.1% Triton X-100 and 10% normal goat serum to block non-specific binding. Slices were then incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 streptavidin (Invitrogen; cat# S32354) or rabbit anti-lucifer yellow (Invitrogen; cat# A5750) along with rat anti-somatostatin (Millipore; cat# MAB354). We used Alexa Fluor 488 anti-rabbit (Invitrogen; cat# A11034) and Alexa 647 anti-rat (Invitrogen; cat# A21247) as secondary antibodies.

Soh H., Park S., Ryan K., Springer K., Maheshwari A, & Tzingounis A.V. (2018). Deletion of KCNQ2/3 potassium channels from PV+ interneurons leads to homeostatic potentiation of excitatory transmission. eLife, 7, e38617.

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