Spss statistical for windows

All tests were performed in triplicate of independent experiments and analyzed on IBM SPSS Statistical for Windows (version 20.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA, 2011). The growth kinetics data were checked for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk’s test and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post-test (p ≤ 0.05). The biofilm data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests for comparisons between the groups and CAT concentrations (p ≤ 0.05).

To avoid only part analysis of any questionnaire, any non-completed full sections of the questionnaire led to that entire questionnaire being completely withdrawn from the analysis. This removed 6 participants from the final analysis, to leave 271 participants in total. All responses were anonymized via an identification number and their subsequent results inputted into IBM SPSS Statistical for Windows (version 24.0, IBM Corp.: Armonk, NY, USA). Chi square statistical analysis were undertaken on all quantitative data and coding analysis completed on all qualitative responses. One multiple choice question focused on demographic information in order for direct comparison to be made across sex.
Ethical approval was granted from the ethic committees of both Canterbury Christ Church University (UK) and Cork Institute of Technology (Ireland) in March 2018.

Larval breeding habitats and number of immature Anopheles mosquitoes sampled were described using tables. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between pH, temperature and water depth to the Anopheles larval density. Anopheles larval density was determined as the number of Anopheles larvae (early or late) divided by the number of dips taken from each larval habitat. Larval density was log transformed log₁₀ (x + 1) to improve the normality of distribution. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify the environmental variables associated with the occurrence of Anopheles larvae. Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare samples with two variables; presence of algae (presence or absence), habitat permanency (temporary or permanent), surface debris (present or absent), intensity of light (sunlit or shaded) and water movement (still or flowing). Kruskal–Wallis H test was used to compare samples with more than two groups: water turbidity, water perimeter, distance to the nearest house, canopy cover, emergent plant coverage, habitat type and substrate type. These non-parametric tests were used to compare larval densities from sites with different habitat characteristics.
Data were analysed using IBM SPSS statistical for Windows (IBM corp., Armonk, NY), version 20.0. Values were considered significantly different if p < 0.05 for all the tests.