Planetary mono mill pulverisette 6

The woody-sawdust was oven-dried at approximately between 50 to 60 °C, and then mechanically ground by electrical mortar grinder (Ball mill) to produce nanoscale sawdust particles of E. camaldulensis (nSD-KF) according to the method of Elkhatib et al. [12 (link)]. Briefly, the nSD-KF were synthesized by grinding of bSD-KF subsample and passed through 51-µm sieve using Fritsch Planetary Mono Mill Pulverisette 6 classic line equipped with 80-mL stainless steel grinding bowl and 150 g of 1-mm steel grinding balls.
The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), quipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used for characterization of nSD-KF. The surface structure of nSDs was explored with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to illustrate the functional groups of the nanoparticle surfaces. The specific surface area (SSA) of nanoparticles was determined using the method of Brunauer et al. [13 (link)]. All these measurements were carried out by standardized methods that have been routinely used for nanomaterial studies.

The as-prepared MgH₂ powders that were obtained after 50 h of the RBM time were firstly doped by 5 wt% of amorphous (a) Zr₂Cu powder and manually mixed inside under He atmosphere inside the glove box. The mixture was charged into three tool steel vials (150 ml in volume) made of tool steel alloy. A number of 50-tool steel balls (11 mm in diameter) were used as milling media, using a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 40:1. In the present study, a gas-temperature-monitoring system, supplied by evico magnetic, Germany, was utilized to follow the progress of the RBM process that was carried out through a high-energy ball mill (Planetary Mono Mill PULVERISETTE 6, Fritsch, Germany). Details of these experiments were reported elsewhere^{23 (link)}. The RBM process was discontinued after the desired RBM time to take samples used for different analyses.

Ground shellac was prepared by milling shellac flakes in a Planetary Mono Mill PULVERISETTE 6 (FRITSCH, Idar-Oberstein, Germany) classic line and sieving through a 500 μm mesh sieve. During the grinding process, a short grinding operation time of 30 s was employed to prevent the melting during milling. Ground shellac was used for the melt flow rate test; determination of thermal properties including glass transition temperatures (Tg), melt temperature and decomposition temperature (Td); Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and rheology properties.

Elemental Mg metal powders (~80 μm, 99.8% provided by Alfa Aesar - USA), and hydrogen gas (99.999%) were used as starting materials. An amount of 5 g Mg was balanced inside a He gas atmosphere (99.99%) - glove box (UNILAB Pro Glove Box Workstation, mBRAUN, Germany) and sealed together with fifty balls (11 mm in diameter) made of pure Ni metal (99.9 wt.%) provided by Wako, Japan (item# 144-07255, Lot # DPR1504) into a hardened steel vial (150 ml in volume), using a gas-temperature-monitoring system (GST; supplied by evico magnetic, Germany). The ball-to-powder weight ratio was maintained at 40:1. However, in a parrel experiments Cr-steel balls (11 mm in diameter), using the same ball-to-powder weight ratio, were used as milling media under the same experimental conditions. The vial was then evacuated to the level of 10⁻³ bar before introducing H₂ gas to fill the vial with a pressure of 50 bar. The reactive ball milling (RBM) process was carried out at room temperature, using a high-energy ball mill (Planetary Mono Mill PULVERISETTE 6, Fritsch, Germany). The RBM process was interrupted after selected milling time (3, 6, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 h) where the vial was opened inside the glove box to take a small amount (~300 mg) of the milled powders for different analysis. Then, the RBM process was resumed, using the same operational conditions shown above.

We reported that TiC, Ti, and Al powders were taken with molar ration of 2:1:1 ball milled by using Pulverisette 6 Planetary Mono Mill (Fritsch, Germany) in ethanol medium at 200 rpm for 1 h in a nitrogen environment. The resultant mixture was dried at 80 °C for 12 h. Then, 3 g of 12 mm diameter disc was prepared by applying 27.6 MPa pressure for 5 min in a laboratory press. The resultant disc was treated at 1350 °C with a heating rate of 20 °C/minute in argon gas for 2 h, then cooled down to room temperature. The treated disc was again ball milled in ethanol medium at 300 rpm for 3 h in a nitrogen environment. The powder yield was then dried at 80 °C for 12 h, and the obtained product was directly used for MXene synthesis [24 (link)].