Fluphenazine fp

4T1.2 mouse mammary tumor cells (obtained from Dr. R. Anderson at Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia) were cultured in DMEM. RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast cells (ATCC TIB-71, Manassas, VA, USA), MC3T3 osteoblast-like cells (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and MLO-A5 osteocyte-like cells (obtained from Dr. L. Bonewald at Indiana University, IN, USA) were grown in αMEM. Mycoplasma testing was conducted using a Lonza mycoalert plus mycoplasma kit (Lonza Inc., Morristown, NJ, USA). For 4T1.2 cells, cell authentication testing was conducted using whole exome DNA sequencing (Agilent SureSelect Mouse Exon, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The culture media was supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics, and cells were maintained at 37°C and 5% CO₂. Fluphenazine (FP; Sigma-Aldrich) and Trifluoperazine (TFP; Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, USA) were employed as modulators of dopaminergic signaling. Fluphenazine (438 Da) and Trifluoperazine (407 Da) are small synthetic agents used as antipsychotic medications in the treatment of schizophrenia. 4T1.2 cells were also treated with type I collagen (Corning, NY, USA). Cellular proliferation was examined using an MTT cell proliferation assay (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) with the procedure previously described (17 ).