Cox4i1

Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was from Dojindo (Kumamoto, Kyushu Island, Japan). The Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit, Cell Cycle Detection Kit (R.T.U), and Caspase-9 Colorimetric Assay Kit were purchased from KeyGen Biotech (Nanjing, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Hoechst 33258, 3-MA, and CQ diphosphate salt were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The cell lysis buffer for Western blot and IP, Prestained Dual Color Protein Molecular Weight Marker, and BeyoECL Plus were from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). The anti-cyclin D1 (ab134175, 1:4000 dissolution), anti-Bcl-2 (ab182858, 1:4000 dissolution), anti-Bax (ab32503, 1:5000 dissolution), anti-cytochrome (ab133504, 1:5000 dissolution), anti-LC3B (ab192890, 1:2000 dissolution), anti-DRP1 (ab184247, 1:1000 dissolution), anti-mitofusin 2 (ab124773, 1:5000 dissolution), anti-TTC11 (ab71498, 1:400 dissolution), and COX4I1 (ab16056, 1:1000 dissolution) were from Abcam Technology (London, England). Anti-Atg5 (#12994, 1:1000 dissolution), anti-p62 (#8025, 1:1000 dissolution), anti-caspase-9 (#9502, 1:1000 dissolution), anti-PARP (#9532, 1:1000 dissolution), and anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked antibody (#7074, 1:3000 dissolution) were from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA).

Mitochondrial primary antibodies: TOMM20 (Santa Cruz), TIMM9 (Abcam), NDUFA9 (Abcam), COX4i1 (Abcam), ATP5A (Abcam), β-ACTIN (Sigma-Aldrich). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked secondary antibodies were used (Sigma-Aldrich). LC3 primary antibodies: Rabbit anti-LC3 (Novus Biologicals; NB100–2220) used at 1:1000 dilution; mouse anti-actin (Sigma A5316) used at 1:500 dilution. Secondary antibodies: Polyclonal goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulins/HRP (Dako P0448) used at 1:5000; polyclonal goat anti-mouse immunoglobulins/HRP (P0447) used at 1:5000. Beta- and Gamma-synuclein primary antibodies: mAb α/β-Synuclein (Syn205, Cell Signaling; 1:1000) or pAb γ1-Synuclein (1:1000). γ1-Synuclein polyclonal antibody was raised to the peptide DFSHGGMEGGEGGEGY by immunization of rabbits (New England Peptide) and affinity purified as previously described (54 (link)). IRDye-800 and IRDye-680 (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE) conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10 000) enabled the blot to be imaged using an Odyssey Infrared Imager (catalog no. 9120; LI-COR) with a wide linear range.