After the animals were euthanized, the lungs were extracted and filled with 10% neutral formalin solution. The tissue specimens were rinsed in running water, dehydrated in an ascending alcohol series and embedded in paraffin. Then, 4–5 µm paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined by ordinary light microscopy using an AxioScope A1 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Microphotographs of the histological sections were made with Axiocam 305 color high-speed camera (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) and the software ZEN 2.6 lite (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). Histological examination included the assessment of the following morphological characteristics: peribronchial and perivascular infiltration with the mononuclear cells, infiltration of alveolar walls and ducts with the mononuclear cells, sites of pulmonary collapse and the presence/absence of necrotic foci.
The extent of different inflammatory manifestations in the lungs was evaluated using a semiquantitative scoring scale: 0—none (within the normal range); 1—minimal; 2—mild; 3—moderate; 4—severe, tissue alterations are noticeable, but there is a potential for increase in severity; 5—very severe, the maximal extent of alterations, characterizing the total lobe injury.