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Polylactide pla

Manufactured by NatureWorks
Sourced in United States

Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable and compostable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester. It is derived from renewable resources, such as corn starch or sugarcane. PLA is used in a variety of applications, including packaging, textiles, and medical devices.

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10 protocols using polylactide pla

1

Emamectin Benzoate Formulation Development

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Technical emamectin benzoate (technical grade active ingredient) was purchased from Hebei Veyong Bio-Chemical Co., Ltd., China. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a Mw of 30,000–70,000 and a hydrolysis of 87–89% was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Shanghai Trading Co., Ltd. Polylactide (PLA) was purchased from NatureWorks. Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (emulsifier 500), styryl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (emulsifier 600), alkylphenol formaldehyde resin polyoxyethylene ether (emulsifier 700), and phenylethyl phenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether (emulsifier 1601) were purchased from Cangzhou Hongyuan Agrochemical Co., Ltd. Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and polyethylene glycol sorbitan monostearate (Tween 60) were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. Sorbitan monooctadecanoate (span 60) and sorbitan (Z)-mono-9-octadecenoate (span 80), polyoxyethylene castor oil (EL-40), and aliphatic alcohol polyethylene oxide ether (AEO-9) were purchased from Haike Hong Chong Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). The water used in all analytical experiments was Milli-Q water (18.2MΩ.cm, TOC ≤ 4 ppb) prepared with a Milli-Q Advantage A10 system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). Other chemical reagents were of analytical grade and were purchased from Haike Hong Chong Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China).
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2

Synthesis of Polylactide and Polycarbonate Polymers

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Lactic acid (LA) and polylactide (PLA) were purchased from Nature Works Co. Ltd. (Blair, NE, USA), and PLA had a density of 1.24 g/cm3 and a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 2.50 × 105 g/mol. PTMC is not available commercially; therefore, the polymer was synthesized in our laboratory. The method for PTMC polymerization was based on that described in the literature [21 ]. The polymerization of the trimethylene carbonate monomer was performed by melting with a stannous octoate catalyst under a nitrogen atmosphere. The stannous octoate was added to the monomer at 0.15% (g/g), and the polymerization was conducted for approximately 5 h at 120 °C. The resulting polymer was purified by dissolving with dichloromethane, precipitating with methanol and drying under reduced pressure at 60 °C.
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3

Biodegradable PLA-PCL Composite Characterization

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Polylactide (PLA) was from NatureWorks (Minnetonka, MN, USA) PLA 4032D, comprising approximately 2% D-lactide. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with number-average molecular weight (Mn) = 80,000 g/mol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India). Dichloromethane (DCM), and dimethylformamide (DMF) (Merck, Mumbai, India) were used as received. The chemicals used for mineralization test were NaCl, NaHCO3, KCl, K2HPO4∙3H2O, MgCl2-6H2O, HCl (1 mol/L), CaCl2, Na2SO4, (HOCH2)3CNH2, and NaN3.
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4

PLA-PVA Composite Preparation

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The polylactide (PLA) and LC (97%) were supplied by Nature Works Co. (Minnetonka, MN, USA) and Jinyue Biotechology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China), respectively. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 87–90% hydrolyzed with an average Mw of 30,000-70,000, was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Shanghai Trading Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The dichloromethane (DCM) was provided by the Beijing Chemical Reagents Company, China. The chromatography grade of methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher (Beijing, China) and used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The water was purified by a Milli-Q water purification system and used in all experiments.
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5

Synthesis of Flame-Retardant PLA Composites

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The poly(lactide) (PLA) used in this study was supplied by NatureWorks (Minnonka, MN, USA). The polymer is the grade 3251D with a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55–60 °C, a melt temperature (Tm) of 188–210 °C and a density of 1.24 g/cm3. Polyurethane, supplied from Courbis (Romans-sur-Isère, France), was prepared from polytetramethylene ether glycol (Mn ≈ 2000 g·mol−1), pre-polymer terminated 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) and 1,4 butanediol (BDO) as chains extender. APP (Exolit AP423) was provided from Clariant (Muttenz, Swiss). Its phosphorus percentage is 31 wt% and the median diameter of particles is 9 µm. Sepiolite (S9 Pangel, Tolsa Company, Madrid, Spain) was purchased from Lavollée S.A. (Levallois-Paris, France). The selected lignin is a commercial low-sulfonated alkaline lignin supplied by Sigma ALDRICH (Darmstadt, Germany). The median diameter of lignin particle is around 50 µm. All chemicals were used without any purification.
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6

Hybrid PLA-PCL-nHA Biomaterial Synthesis

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Polylactide (PLA, Natureworks, Plymouth, MN, USA) and polycaprolactone (PCL, Polymorfus, Moscow, Russia) were of Mw of 100 kDa. nHA with a size of particles ≤200 nm was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (CAS: 12167-74-7, Lot #MKBP9910V). All solvents were of analytical grade and used as received from Chimmed (Russia).
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7

Fabrication of Amorphous PLA-WSNT Composite Films

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This study uses polylactide (PLA) with ~ 2% D-content [56 (link),57 (link)] and Mw ~ 125 kg/mol (values in Fig. S2; gel-permeation chromatograms in Fig. S3) purchased from NatureWorks, USA (Grade 4032D). The PLA pellets were first dried under vacuum at 80 °C for 1 day and subsequently at 40 °C for an additional 4 days. The vacuum-dried polymer was then dissolved in chloroform at 60 °C for 2 hours. Separately, a suspension of WSNT (0.05 or 0.1 wt%) in chloroform was sonicated for ~ 30 mins to break up nanotube agglomerates preserving the size of the nanotubes post-sonication and centrifuge. The suspension of WSNT was then added to the polymer solution and stirred for an additional 1 hour; the resulting solution was cast into glass petri dishes, covered and allowed to dry inside a fume-hood for ~ 2 days; the as-cast films were placed in a vacuum oven and dried for ~ 4 days at 80 °C to remove residual solvent. The crystalline, as-cast films were thereafter hot-pressed by a Carver hot-press at 180 °C for 10 min to obtain ~100 µm thick, amorphous films that were maintained at 40 °C under vacuum until further use.
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8

Polymer Blends for Pesticide Delivery

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Polylactide (PLA; molecular weight ~100 kDa) and polyvinyl alcohol (almost 90% hydrolyzed, molecular weight 30–70 kDa) were kindly provided by Nature Works Co. (Minnetonka, MN, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich Shanghai Trading Co. (Shanghai, China), respectively. Technical LC, Chl, LC water-dispersible granules (LC-WDGs), and Chl water-dispersible granules (Chl-WDGs) were purchased from Hubei Jianyuan Chemical Co. (Wuhan, China). Chl and LC standards were purchased from J&K Chemical Technology. Bovine serum albumin and dialysis bags (with cutoffs of 8–14 kDa) were supplied by Solarbio Science Technology Co. (Beijing, China). Dichloromethane and tetrahydrofuran (AR-grade) were supplied by Macklin Biochemical Technology Co. (Beijing, China). Methanol (HPLC-grade) was supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific Co. (Shanghai, China). The deionized water (18.2 mW cm, total organic compound concentration ≤ 4 µg/L) used in the procedures was prepared using a Milli-Q A10 system (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
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9

Formulation of Antiretroviral Drug Delivery

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Poly(lactide) (PLA) was purchased from NatureWorks LLC, USA. All Elastollan® polymers were obtained from BASF. Dolutegravir (DTG), cabotegravir (CAB), tenofovir alafenamide and rilpivirine (RPV) were purchased from Hangzhou Hysen Pharma Co. Ltd., China. All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) negative moulds for manufacturing dosage forms and bars for mechanical testing were purchased from Proto Labs, USA.
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10

Mechanochemical Fabrication of Multicomponent Copolymer Biomaterial

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Polylactide (PLA) (Natureworks 4043D, Minnetonka, MN, USA) with molecular weight (Mw) of 100 kDa; polycaprolactone (PCL) with Mw of 67 kDa and gelatin (Chimmed, Moscow, Russia) were used as received. Chitosan with Mw of 80 kDa and degree of deacetylation of 0.89 as well as oligo(l-lactide) with Mw of 5 kDa from l-lactic acids (Panreac, Barcelona, Spain) were synthesized in Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials. Multicomponent copolymer-contained system based on polycaprolactone/poly(l-lactide)/oligo(l-lactide)/chitosan/gelatin (PPCOG) was obtained via mechanochemical approach and characterized as reported earlier [29 (link)]. Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) was purchased from “Chemmed” (Moscow, Russia) and used as received.
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