Pregnenolone 16α carbonitrile pcn

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), deionized distilled water (DDW), ethanol (EtOH) and the PPARα agonist BZA was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). PXR agonist pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The LXRα agonist GW3965 and RXRα agonist bexarotene (BEX) were obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The FXR agonist GW4064 was purchased from ChemScene (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). All five NR agonists were dissolved in DMSO at appropriate concentrations. Test compounds (Table 1) were purchased from Angene Chemical (Namjing, China), Combi-Blocks (San Diego, CA, USA), Fluorochem (Derbyshire, UK), FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical, MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA), Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan), Sigma-Aldrich or Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). The test compounds were dissolved in DMSO at 100 mM except the followings: S152 and S204 were dissolved in DMSO at 50 mM. Due to poor solubility in DMSO, some test chemicals were dissolved in EtOH at 100 mM (S011, S012, S019, S038, S112, S120, S125, S130, S145, S151, S158, S159, S254 and S276) or DDW at 10 mM (S055, S134, S195). All the test compounds were successively diluted to the desired concentrations with culture medium immediately before use.