Raw264

Vero cells were a gift from Professor Wu Zhiwei of Nanjing University. Vero cells, Mouse leukemia cells of monocyte macrophage line (RAW264.7, CoBioer Biosciences Co., Ltd. Nanjing, China) and Human corneal endothelial cell line (B4G12, DSMZ; ACC-647, Shanghai GuanDao Biological Engineering Co., Ltd.) were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) high glucose medium (Gibco, United States), Human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC, CRL-11135, HCE-2; ATCC, Manassas, VA) were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco, United States), and human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cell line (THP-1, CoBioer Biosciences Co., Ltd. Nanjing, China) were cultured in RPMI Medium 1640 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, United States), with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 g/ml streptomycin (Gibco, United States) in a humidified 37°C 5% CO₂ incubator. HSV-1 strain McKrae was kindly provided by Dr. Pedram Hamrah of Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States, which was prepared as previously described (Jamali et al., 2020 (link); Liu et al., 2021 (link)). Viruses were propagated, and titers were determined by plaque assay on Vero cells (Knipe and Spang, 1982 (link)).

PSA was purchased from HuBei HengLuYuan Technology Co., Ltd (HuBei, China). Sigma supplied cholesteryl chloroformate, tetrabutylammonium bromide, DOWEX 50WX2 ion-exchange resin, IR-780 iodide, and Dex. 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine polyethylene glycol-folic acid (DSPE-PEG-FA) was obtained from Nanocs (New York, NY). Pyrene was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Complete Freund’s adjuvant were purchased from Sigma Corporation (Cram Ridge, NJ). HyClone Laboratories Inc. (South Logan, UT) supplied penicillin–streptomycin solution (100×). Gibco (Carlsbad, CA) provided fetal bovine serum (FBS). 0.25% trypsin, DMEM culture medium, DAPI solution were supplied by Solarbio (Beijing, China). ELISA kit was purchased from MultiSciences (LiankeBio) (Hangzhou, China). RAW 264.7 and Ges-1 cells were purchased from CoBioer (Nanjing, China).