Chloroform

Rotenone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in 4% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, Sigma-Aldrich) with 1.25% chloroform (Beijing Chemical Works, Beijing, China). The fresh Rotenone solution was orally administrated (30 mg/kg body weight) by gavage once a day for 4 weeks [32 (link), 38 (link)].
For FMT administration, fresh stools were collected from the control group mice, and 600 mg of feces were immediately placed into 6 mL of sterile saline and were steeped for 1 min. Then, the dissolved feces were centrifuged at 1000 g (4 °C) for 3 min. The suspension was collected and 100 μL of bacterial suspension was then delivered to each recipient mouse via oral gavage within 10 min.

To confirm the anti-neurodegenerative role of DX2 in vivo, chicken-β-actin promoter induced whole body DX2 transgenic animals were provided by Dr. Sunghoon Kim (Seoul National University, South Korea). Male C57Bl/6n-based DX2 transgenic mice and wild type mice were used. Since 8 weeks of age, fresh Rotenone solution was orally administrated at a concentration of 30 mg/kg by gavage once a day for 4 weeks to wild type and DX2-TG mice. Rotenone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in 4% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, Sigma-Aldrich) with 1.25% chloroform (Beijing Chemical Works, Beijing, China). During Rotenone treatment, the rotarod behaviour test was performed once a week, and the latency to fall was measured. At 4 weeks after chemical administration, pole test was performed to measure the turning time above top pole and descending time from top to bottom. To confirm this dopaminergic neuron survival in the substantial nigra, immunohistochemistry staining was performed using tyrosine hydroxylase antibody with cryo-sectioned brain.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX), indomethacin, atropine, cimetidine, pyrilamine, and ketotifen were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China). The Krebs solution had the following composition (mM): NaCl, 117; KCl, 4.5; CaCl₂, 2.5; MgCl₂, 1.2; NaHCO₃, 24.8; KH₂PO₄, 1.2; glucose, 11.1; pH 7.4.

Chromium (III) nitrate [Cr (NO₃)₃·9H₂O], 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (H₂BDC), and hydrofluoric acid (HF) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China), and sodium citrate was obtained from Alfa Aesar. Toluene, chloroform, and formaldehyde were bought from Beijing Chemical Works.

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) with 87M% of P3HB determined by ¹H-NMR was obtained from Shandong Ecomann Technology Co. Ltd. (Zoucheng, China), and the molecular weight was described in our previous report [27 (link)]. Chemically pure chloroform from Beijing Chemical Works (Beijing, China) was used as a solvent to prepare polymer films. Prothioconazole (PRO) with the purity of 98% was kindly provided by the Sichuan Huaying Chemical Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). All other commercially available chemicals were used as received.

Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) tetrahydrate (HAuCl₄·4H₂O) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents (Shanghai, China). Acetonitrile, chloroform, ethyl acetate, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were obtained from Beijing Chemical Plant (Beijing, China). Glutathione (GSH), carbon tetrachloride, hexane, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and nitric acid (HNO₃) were the products of Tongguang Fine Chemicals (Beijing, China). Triple-distilled water was used for all experiments.

Phenol (AR), Aniline (ACS, 99.0%), potassium hydroxide (AR), urea and Ammonium chloride (PT) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation. 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([OMIm]Cl, 99%) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexa-fluoro-phosphate ([OMIm]PF₆, 99%) were purchased from Lanzhou Greenchem ILS, LIPC, CAS (Lanzhou, China). Ammonia solution (AR, 25%), hydrochloric acid (AR, 36.5%), chloroform (AR), methanol (AR) and ethanol (AR) were obtained from Beijing Chemical Works. Sodium nitrite (98%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Sylgard-184) was purchased from Dow Corning Cooperation. Deionized water was obtained by a Milli-Q water-purification system. Self-healing polymer was prepared according to the previous method^{25 (link)}.