Polyvinyl alcohol (pva)

To separate cells from plasma, 1.8 mL of citrated blood was centrifuged for 10 min at 160 g, RT. Subsequently, platelet-reach plasma was discarded, and the remaining cells were suspended in 4 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and processed as described before [33 (link)]. Briefly, the cell suspension was layered over 2 mL of Histopaque 1077 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and centrifuged (420 g, 30 min, RT). Next, the resulting cell pellet was suspended in 4 mL of 1% polyvinyl alcohol (Avantor, Radnov, PA, USA.) and the tube was left to stand upright for 20 min, RT to let the erythrocytes sediment. Next, the upper-layer containing neutrophils and the alcohol was collected and centrifuged for 7 min at 235 g, RT. The remaining erythrocytes were removed by hypotonic lysis and the granulocytes were washed twice with PBS. The cells were suspended in culture medium (RPMI 1640, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Experiments were performed in cells with >90% granulocyte content and 85% viability as assessed with a Cytomics FC 500 Beckman Coulter flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, Brea, USA) by staining with anti-CD33-FITC and anti-CD15-PE antibodies (both from Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) and trypan blue dye exclusion assay.

Vardenafil HCl trihydrate (Batch number UT2210202) was given by El-Obour Modern Pharmaceutical Industries Co., Kaliobeya, Egypt. Sodium alginate (low viscosity grade) and glycerol were supplied by Loba Chemie Ltd., Mumbai, India. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and methylcellulose were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyvinyl alcohol (molecular weight: 14,000) was purchased from BDH Chemicals Ltd., Poole, England. Sorbitol was supplied by Modernist Pantry, Eliot, ME, USA; acesulfame potassium was obtained from Sanofi Ingredients, Shanghai, China; sucralose was supplied by Asin Co., Mirkow, Poland.

Captopril was supplied by EIPICO Pharmaceutical Industries Co., Cairo, Egypt. Capoten^® tablets (batch no. 74427C) were purchased from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Beecham, Cairo, Egypt. Gelatin powder Type A was purchased from Alpha Chemika, Mumbai, India. Sodium alginate was purchased from Loba Chemie LTD., Mumbai, India. Glycerin, Tween 80, propranolol (IS), and fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (FMOC-Cl) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Moreover, polyvinyl alcohol was supplied by BDH Chemicals, Poole, England. Sucralose was provided by Asin Co., Mirkow, Poland.

Polystyrene
(PS, 35 kDa), poly(styrene)–block–poly(acrylic acid) (PS-PAA) (M_w = 83
500, M_w of
PS block = 70 500, M_w of PAA block = 13
000, and PDI ≤1.1), curcumin (Cur, curcuminoid content ≥
94%, Cur content ≥ 80%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), Dulbecco’s
modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM)—low glucose, MTT suitable
for cell culture (≥97.5% HPLC), and PBS (tablets) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, M_w 14 000, 98.5–100% degree of hydrolysis)
was obtained from BDH Chemicals. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, ≥
99%) was purchased from BioSchop. Millipore-quality water was used
in all experiments.