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8 protocols using anti pfak y397

1

Antibody Profiling for Focal Adhesion

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Antibodies used were as follows: anti-Paxillin (RRID:AB_647289), anti-GM130 (RRID:AB_398141), anti-p130Cas (RRID:AB_397667) and anti-RACK1 (RRID:AB_397577) antibodies (BD Transduction Laboratories, New Jersey, USA), anti-IFITM3 (RRID:AB_2122095) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-CoxIV (RRID:AB_10694213), anti-FAK (RRID:AB_10694068), anti-pFAK Y397 (RRID:AB_2173659), anti-pPaxillin Y118 (RRID:AB_2174466), anti-Rab7 (RRID:AB_1904103), anti-pSrc Y416 (RRID:AB_331697), anti-Src (clone 36D10) (RRID:AB_10693939), anti-LC3B (RRID:AB_2137707) and anti-GAPDH (RRID:AB_10622025) (Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA, USA), and anti-Dctn1 (RRID:AB_10842517), anti-Ambra1 (RRID:AB_2636939) and anti-pSrc Y416 (RRID:AB_309898) antibodies and anti-FAK (clone 4.47)-conjugated agarose antibody (RRID:AB_310789) (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). LC3B antibody was from MBL (RRID:AB_1279144) (MBL International, Woburn, MA, USA). TRITC-phalloidin was purchased from Life Technologies (RRID:AB_2572408) (Paisley, UK). Anti-rabbit (RRID:AB_2099233) or mouse (RRID:AB_330924) peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies. Dasatinib was obtained from Bristol Myers Squibb (Princeton, NJ, USA) and PF562271 from Pfizer (Groton, CT, USA).
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2

Protein Expression Analysis via Western Blot

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Whole-cell lysates were prepared using pre-chilled RIPA (50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% deoxycholate). The cell lysates were centrifuged at 12,000×g for 20 min at 4°C and the supernatants were collected for protein concentration determination. The total proteins were separated on 10% SDSPAGE gel and blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Millipore). The membrane was incubated with blocking buffer and then was incubated overnight with appropriate primary antibodies at 4 °C. The primary antibodies used were anti-TSP1 (A6.1; Santa Cruz, USA), anti-p-FAK (Y397) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-FAK (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-MMP2 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-MMP9 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA), anti-Fibronectin 1(Abcam, Cambridge, UK, USA), and anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz, USA). Membranes were then washed three times in TBST solution for 15 min each time, and then incubated with secondary antibodies. The membranes were visualized using LI-COR infrared imaging system (LI-COR) following the manufacturer's guidance.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of Glu-Tubulin

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Antibodies used were the following: anti-Glu-tubulin (Abcam, cat# ab48389, 1/250 dilution for IF, and 1/1000 for WB); anti-α-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich, cat# T6199, 1/1000 dilution); anti-actin (Ab-5, BD Biosciences, cat# 612656, 1/4000 dilution); anti-FAK (BD Biosciences, cat# 610088, 1/250 dilution); anti-pFAK(Y397) (Cell Signaling Technology, cat# 3283 S, 1/250 dilution); anti-phospho-myosin light chain 2 (Ser 19) (Cell Signaling Technology, cat# 3671, 1/200 dilution); anti-myosin (clone MY-21, Sigma cat# M4401, 1/250 dilution); anti-TTL (Proteintech cat# 13618-AP, 1/500 dilution). Images of uncropped WBs are shown in Supplementary Fig. 10.
For IF, cells were plated onto gels and were fixed with 4%PFA in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) for 15 min, permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min, blocked with 3% BSA for 1 h, and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Secondary antibodies were conjugated with Alexa 488, 546, or 647 (Alexa Fluora series from Thermo Fisher Scientific). Nuclei or whole-cell area was stained with DAPI or cell mask blue stain, respectively. For determination of percentage of cells with a Glu-MT network, positive cells were defined as those having  > 10–15 distinctly stained Glu-MT fibers.
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4

Fluorescent Imaging of MDA-MB-231 Cells

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MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells (HTB-26; ATCC, Rockville, MD) were maintained in DMEM (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 10% FBS (Atlanta Biologicals, Flowery Branch, GA), 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Life Technologies). GFP-expressing MDA-MB-231 (AKR-201; Cell Biolabs, San Diego, CA) were maintained in complete MDA-MB-231 medium as described above supplemented with 0.1 mM MEM nonessential amino acids (Life Technologies). MDA-MB-231 cells were transiently transfected with GFP-Lifeact as previously described.26 (link) All cell culture and time-lapse imaging was performed at 37°C and 5% CO2.
The following reagents were used for fluorescent imaging: polyclonal anti-pFAKY397 (3283; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA); Alexa Fluor 568-conjugated anti-rabbit (A-11036, Life Technologies); Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated phalloidin (Life Technologies). The Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (50 μM; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), FAK inhibitor PF573228 (5 μM; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Src kinase inhibitor PP1 (10 μM; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), PI3K inhibitor LY294002 (20 μM; EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA), and β1 integrin blocking antibody 4B4 (10 μg/ml; Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA) were used as described below.
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Signaling

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Whole‐cell lysates were prepared using pre‐chilled RIPA (50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% Nonidet P‐40, 0.1% SDS, and 0.5% deoxycholate). The cell lysates were centrifuged at 12 000 g for 20 min at 4°C and the supernatants were collected for protein concentration determination. The total proteins were separated by 10% SDS‐PAGE and blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Millipore, Boston, MA, USA). The membrane was incubated with blocking buffer and then incubated overnight with appropriate primary antibodies at 4°C. The primary antibodies used were anti‐p‐FAK (Y397; 1:1000), anti‐FAK (1:1000), anti‐p‐AKT (S473) (1:1000), anti‐AKT (1:1000), anti‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (1:1000), anti‐p‐mTOR (S2448; 1:1000), anti‐poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) (1:1000) (all Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), and anti‐GAPDH (1:500; Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Membranes were then washed three times in TBST solution for 15 min each time, and then incubated with secondary antibodies. The membranes were visualized using LI‐COR infrared imaging system (LI‐COR Biosciences, Shanghai, China) following the manufacturer's guidance.
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6

Protein Expression and Quantification Protocol

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Proteins were extracted and separated as previously described [29 (link)]. The primary antibodies used were: anti-Orai3 (1:1000, Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), anti-FAK (1: 1000, Cell Signaling Tech., Danvers, MA, USA), anti-pFAK Y397 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Tech., Danvers, MA, USA). GAPDH antibody (1:5000, Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for loading controls. Secondary antibodies were coupled to horseradish peroxidase, permitting protein detection with an enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Ozyme, Saint-Cyr-l’Ecole, France). Detection and quantification were performed as previously described [29 (link)]. All experiments were normalized to GAPDH, which was used as reference protein.
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7

Signaling Pathway Analysis in Spleen Cells

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Spleen fragments from control or VS-4718–treated mice (50 mg/kg) were frozen in RNALater and lysed in mPER buffer (ThermoFisher Scientific) with 3× protease/phosphatase inhibitors (Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail). For lysates from RetroNectin assays, pre-B cells adhering to RetroNectin monolayers were lysed by addition of mPER buffer directly to the well. Western blotting was performed using anti- p-P130Cas and anti-pFAK-Y397 antibodies (Cell Signaling Technologies, 4015 and 3283, respectively). ELISA was done using the FAK [pY397] Phospho-ELISA Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, KHO0441).
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8

Immunocytochemistry of Activated FAK in MSCs

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MSCs were fixed on microfluidics channels in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, washed with PBS, and stored overnight at 4 °C. Slides were permitted to come to room temperature the next morning, sticky channel overlays removed by single edge razor blade, and cells permeabilized in PBS with 0.2% Triton X-100 for 5 min at room temperature. Cells were incubated with Image-iT FX signal enhancer (Thermo Fisher, I36933) for 30 min at room temperature. Rabbit anti-pFAK polyclonal antibody (1:100 dilution, anti-pFAK Y397, Cell Signaling 3283S) was applied for labeling activated FAK for 1 h at room temperature in 2.5% BSA-0.1% Triton X-PBS. Slides were then washed with PBS. Cells were incubated with a 1:1000 dilution of goat anti-rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 488 secondary antibody (Invitrogen, Cat. No. A11008) for 1 h and washed in PBS. Cells were subsequently incubated with 25 µM DRAQ5 for 30 min at room temperature. Coverslips were mounted with Prolong Gold (Invitrogen). Images were captured by a Leica TCS SP5 confocal microscope with a Leica 63 × oil objective lens (NA 1.4) and analyzed with LAS Advanced Fluorescence software (Leica) and ImageJ 1.50i (NIH) to measure fluorescence intensity of the green channel.
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