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32 protocols using xponent software

1

Tumor Protein Extraction and Chemokine Quantification

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For tumor sample preparation, 5 mg of each frozen tumor was submerged in 0.5 ml of PBS with the recommended concentration of complete Mini Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (11836153001, Roche) and then homogenized using a Bio-Gen™ PRO200® homogenizer for 30 s and centrifuged at 12000 g for 10 min at 4 °C to remove insoluble materials. The supernatants containing the tumor extracts were then quantified using the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (23227, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Chemokine concentration was measured using the MILLIPLEX® Magnetic Bead Kit (MCYTOMAG-10K, Merck) and following the manufacturer's instructions. For tumor analysis, 10 μg of protein was analyzed, and PBS with protease inhibitor was used as a matrix. For serum analysis, 12.5 μL of serum diluted in assay buffer was added and serum matrix was used. The plate was read on a Luminex® 200™ instrument with xPONENT® software (Merck).
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2

Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers Quantification

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Plasma samples were analyzed in duplicate using MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Magnetic Bead Panel 1 (EMD-Millipore; Billerica, Mass) to determine the concentrations of FABP3. All sample analyses were completed on the same day to eliminate inter-assay variability. Sample intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation were both less than 10%. The MagPix analyzer (Luminex Corp; Austin, Tex) was calibrated prior to analysis using Fluidics Verification and Calibration bead kits (Luminex Corp). A minimum of 50 beads for each targeted biomarker were acquired using Luminex xPonent software and analyzed using Milliplex Analyst software (v.5.1; EMD-Millipore).
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Multiplex Serum Biomarker Quantification

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Serum supernatant fractions were thawed at room temperature and centrifuged at 1500 g for 10 min to remove remaining debris. Biomarkers in each sample were quantified using multiplex assays performed with MILLIPLEX® MAP magnetic bead panels according to the manufacturer's protocol (Table 2). All samples were run in duplicate, and plates were read on a Luminex® 100/200™ platform using xPonent® software (EMD Millipore Corp). Analyte concentrations were calculated using Belysa™ Immunoassay Curve Fitting Software (EMD Millipore Corp) and included in resulting analysis that provided >70% reliability.
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4

Multiplex Cytokine Profiling

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The cytokine analysis was performed using a MAGPIX instrument (Luminex Corporation, Texas, USA), xPONENT software (version 4.2.1324.0) and a MILLIPLEX MAP Human Cytokine/Chemokine Panel (EMD Millipore, Massachusetts, USA) detecting GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and TNF-α. The cytokine panel was designed to provide a measure of both Th1 and Th2 inflammatory response. All samples, standards and controls were run in duplicates and handled in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol. Washing steps were performed twice. The system was set to analyse 100 µl of sample per well and collect a minimum of 100 beads per region.
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5

Quantifying Plasma Inflammatory Markers

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Plasma levels of IL-1β, CCL3, CCL4, and PPBP were assayed using the MILLIPLEX®MAP human cytokine/chemokine magnetic bead Panel III kit (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and based on a previous study [23 (link)]. Briefly, after soaking wells with 200 μl of assay buffer, 25 μl standard or assay buffer, 25 μl matrix solution or plasma (1:100), and 25 μl beads was added to the wells and incubated overnight at 4 °C with shaking. After vacuuming and washing twice with wash solution, 25 μl of detection antibodies was added and incubated for 2 h at room temperature. Then, 25 μl of streptavidin–phycoerythrin was pipetted and incubated for 30 min before vacuuming and washing, followed by the addition of 100 μl sheath fluid to each well. Measurements were performed using Luminex MAGPIX® (BioRad) and interpreted by xPONENT® software (Merck Millipore).
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6

Daily Rhythms of Stress Hormones and Cytokines

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The daily differences in corticosterone, melatonin, and cytokine were measured in plasma. We use two Milliplex MAP, Rat Stress Hormone and Rat Cytokine/Chemokine panels (cat. No. RSHMAG-69K and RECYTMAG-65K, respectively. Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Samples were centrifuged at 13,000 g for 5 min before analysis. The assay was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Plates were read using a MAGPIX plate reader and analyzed using x PONENT Software (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The inter-assay coefficients for corticosterone and MELATONIN were 3.9 and 7.4%, respectively. Values were expressed as ng/ml for corticosterone and pg/ml for cytokines and melatonin. Rat Cytokine/Chemokine panels were used to measure IL1a, IL6, and IL10; the current kit also allowed us to measure IL1b; TNFA, EGF, and interferon-gamma; however, in our hands, the CV was higher for these analytes and did not allow us to determine differences between the groups, at least in the clock times analyzed.
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7

Cytokine Profiling of Epithelial Responses

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Concentrations of cytokines released to apical and basolateral cell culture supernatants upon stimulation with fish PVs or LMC were measured 24 h after apical cell stimulation. Quantification of the cytokines was performed using the xMAP Technology reagents and the Luminex 100 System supported by the xPONENT software, according to the protocols recommended by the manufacturer (Merck Millipore, Massachusetts, USA). IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 were measured using the HCYTOMAG-60K kit. IL-25 and IL-33 were measured by the HTH17MAG-14K kit, and TSLP by the HCYP2MAG-62K kit (all three kits from Merck Millipore). Stimulation of the cells with TNFα (50 ng/mL) and IL-1β (20 ng/mL) was used as a positive control for release of proinflammatory cytokines (Ozaki et al., 1996 (link); Tanaka et al., 2014 ; Tobe et al., 2002 (link)). Cytokines were measured in supernatants derived from 3 independent experiments performed in duplicates. The selection of the cytokines was made based on the published literature on the importance of these cytokines in epithelial cell damage response and allergic sensitization (Chow et al., 2010 (link); Kosaka et al., 2011 (link); Lee et al., 2015 (link); Yi et al., 2017 (link)).
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8

Quantification of Urinary NGAL Levels

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To determine the concentrations of NGAL levels in urine, samples were examined in duplicate using MILLIPLEX® Mouse Kidney Injury Magnetic Bead Panel 2 (EMD-Millipore; Billerica, MA) on a calibrated MagPix analyzer (Luminex Corp; Austin, Texas). To minimize any inter-assay variability, all analyses were carried out on the same day. Sample intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variability (CV) was < 10%. At least 50 beads for uNGAL were acquired using Luminex xPonent software and analyzed using Milliplex Analyst software (v.5.1; EMD-Millipore).
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9

Multiplex Assay for Secreted Proteins

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Following stimulation, supernatants were collected and stored at −80 °C until analysis. Using Luminex® multiplex kits and xPonent® software (Merck group, Darmstadt, Germany), concentrations of secreted proteins were determined with the help of a standard curve. The lower detection limits were 11.0 pg/mL (CXCL5), 0.6 pg/mL (IL-1α), 0,9 pg/mL (IL-1β), 6.3 pg/mL (IL-1RA), 2.5 pg/mL (IL-6), 1.8 pg/mL (IL-8), 1.8 pg/mL (IL-10), 2.2 pg/mL (MCP-1), 5.0 pg/mL (MCP-3), 16.7 pg/mL (MMP-9), and 0.49 pg/mL (TNF-α), and values underneath were set to 0. Samples were analyzed in duplicate, and experiments were repeated five times (n = 5).
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10

Measuring Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers

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To determine the presence of cardiovascular disease biomarkers in the heart, cardiac tissue protein concentrations of sICAM-1, PECAM-1, sP-selectin, PAI-1, and thrombomodulin were determined using Mouse CVD Magnetic Bead Panel 1 (Milliplex, St. Louis, MO) following manufacturers protocol for tissue culture supernatant. Tissue lysis buffer was used used for matrix solution for samples. Samples were run on Luminex FLEXMAP 3D® instrument system with xPONENT software (EMD Millipore; St. Louis, MO) following the manufacturer's recommendation. Median fluorescent intensity data was used to determine unknown concentrations in Milliplex Analyst Software (EMD Millipore, St. Louis, MO). Sample concentrations were normalized to total protein concentration prior to statistical analysis. n = 4–6. Samples were removed from analysis because of (1) red coloration of sample due to red blood cell lysis, or (2) sample biomarker concentrations were not within standard curve range or below the measurable threshold.
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