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Spss statistics for macintosh version 25

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SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 25.0 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It is designed to analyze and manage data, as well as generate reports and visualizations. The software is available for the macOS operating system.

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66 protocols using spss statistics for macintosh version 25

1

Evaluating SyMRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Statistical analyses were performed using XLSTAT 2017 Version 20.5 (Addinsoft, Paris, France) and SPSS Statistics for Macintosh Version 25.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) at a significance level of alpha (α) = 5% (p < 0.05). Graphs were created using XLSTAT 2017 Version 20.5.
The sensitivity and specificity for both conventionally acquired and SyMRI-generated T1 and T2-weighted contrasts were calculated separately based on the evaluation of experienced and less experienced raters. Furthermore, total values for sensitivity and specificity were calculated on the basis of the assessment of all raters.
An interrater reliability was calculated using the Cohen coefficient (Cκ) and the Fleiss coefficient (Fκ). The Cκ was used to detect concordances between the assessment of raters 1 and 2 (experienced) and raters 3 and 4 (less experienced). The Fκ was used to detect the concordances of the assessment of all raters. According to Landis and Koch, κ was interpreted as follows: κ ≤ 0: poor agreement; 0 < κ ≤ 0.2: slight agreement; 0.2 < κ ≤ 0.4: fair agreement; 0.4 < κ ≤ 0.6: moderate agreement; 0.6 < κ ≤ 0.8: substantial agreement; 0.8 < κ ≤ 1: (almost) perfect agreement [30 (link)].
The determined values were complemented by the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).
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2

Flight performance of Pyrrhocoris spumarius

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Flight incidence, number of flights, distance travelled (m), flight duration (s) and mean speed (m/s) were selected as the dependent variables to estimate the flight performance of P. spumarius in both assays. In the seasonal pattern assay, we studied the effect of sex (male and female), origin (Madrid and Huelva) and season (spring, summer and autumn) on these parameters. The flight incidence was studied through a generalized linear model (GLMz) with a binomial distribution of errors and link logit. The number of flights, distance travelled, flight duration and mean speed (m/s) were analysed through a general linear model (GLM) after the transformation of the data (log10 (x + 1)) to fit a Gaussian distribution. In the daily pattern assay, the effect of sex and time of the day (morning, afternoon and night) was studied on the same flight parameters using the GLMz and GLM. The models were analysed by maximum likelihood, and the most parsimonious model was selected relying on the R-squared value for the GLM and on AIC (Akaike Information Criterion) for the GLMz45 (link),46 . ANOVA tests with post hoc Tukey’s HSD tests were performed to study the differences between the groups. Finally, a paired correlation test (Pearson) between the flight parameters was performed. All analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 25.0 software.
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3

Predicting Infectious Complications with Biomarkers

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Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The best indicator for predicting infectious complications was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC). The optimal cut-off values for each biomarker predicting infectious complications were examined by analyzing the ROC curve. Continuous variables are summarized by medians (25th–75th percentiles), whereas categorical variables are summarized by frequency and proportion (%). All statistical tests were two-tailed, and a P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.
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4

Robust Statistical Analysis of Life Assays

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All graphs were performed using Prism 8 for macOS version 8.2.1 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). For all assays except lifespan, the statistical differences between groups were calculated using one- or two-way ANOVA (brood size assay) followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism. Lifespan assays were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier followed by the log-rank test using IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
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5

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling

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Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in IBM® SPSS® Statistics for Macintosh Version 25.0 and the software program R Version 3.5.1 [25 ]. QNSE counts were expressed as log CFU/g or ml except for zero QNSE counts (expressed as 0 CFU/g or ml). The number of samples with detectable QNSE divided by the total number of tested samples is described as proportion (%). FQ susceptibility proportions (%) of isolated E. coli are described. Binomial and multinomial confidence intervals (95% CI) were obtained using the Jeffreys approach [26 ] and MultinomCI from the package by DescTools [27 ]. Non-overlapping confidence intervals were considered to be significantly different.
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6

Analyzing Factors Influencing Health Outcomes

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The removal of cases containing missing values in the dependent or independent variables resulted in a complete dataset of N=9308 included in the further analyses. Data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 25.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Descriptive statistics were used for data exploration, whereas associations between dependent and independent variables were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Goodness of fit was assessed using a Holsmer-Lemeshow test, and only statistically significant models are reported.
The following interactions between variables were tested in all four logistic regression models: age group and self-reported health status; occupation and household income; education and household income; age group and household income; age group and any medical condition; and having enough friends who could provide help and support and having enough friends to talk confidentially with.
Analyses were run including all independent variables into the regression models. Interaction terms that were considered important on the basis of the domain knowledge or that could act as confounders were also included. The interactions were tested before the regression analyses. Only statistically significant variables are reported.
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7

Statistical Analysis of Research Data

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Descriptive statistical analysis was reported as counts, proportions, rates, and means with standard deviations (SDs). Variables were compared using chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests. All analyses were based on non-missing data, and missing data were not imputed. All tests were two-tailed with a significance level of alpha = 0.05. All analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 25.0. (IBM Corp, Armonk, New York, USA).
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8

Analyzing Metabolic Dynamics in Animal Models

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Metabolic parameters were analyzed with a linear mixed model (MIXED function) with an unstructured covariance in IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Facility, sex, diet, and age were included in the model as fixed effects, with cage number as a random effect and body weight as a covariate. For post hoc testing, the COMPARE function was used to assess unadjusted pairwise comparisons due to the large quantity of interactions within the model. Significance was determined at P < 0.05. For each dependent variable, the residuals were assessed for normal distribution via Q-Q plots. The following dependent variables were transformed as follows: feed efficiency, body weight gain, and fed glucose via square root; body weight, fed insulin, fasted glucose and insulin, GTT and ITT area under the curve (AUC), insulinogenic index, and HOMA-IR via log. Bacterial density was analyzed via three-way ANOVA (including the effects of cohort, sex, and diet) in JMP® (Version 14, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Dependent variables with residuals that were normally distributed were not transformed. Tables and figures display non-transformed data.
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9

Hygienic Behavior and Chalkbrood Severity

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A Kruskal Wallis test was performed to examine the level of hygienic behaviour in relation to the severity of chalkbrood infection in honey bee colonies. Strict test of hygienic behaviour was a continuous variable and chalkbrood was ordinal with grouping variables: no infection, slight infection, moderate infection, and severe infection. All analyses were carried out in IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 25.0 [35 ].
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10

Statistical Analysis of Small Datasets

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SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, version 25.0 (IBM Corp.) was used for statistical analyses. Categorical comparisons were performed with χ2 and Fisher's exact test, and the results were presented as proportions (%). Since the study groups were small and the variables were skewed, comparison of continuous data and nonparametric values was performed with Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and the results are presented as medians with interquartile ranges (IQR). Throughout the study, differences were considered significant at P < .05.
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