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11 protocols using nicl2

1

Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Susceptibility of K. pneumoniae

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The antibiotic susceptibility of K. pneumoniae strains was examined according to the method issued by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, M100-S28, 2018). Antimicrobial agents included CHL (30 μg), CIP (5 μg), gentamicin (GEN, 10 μg), IPM (10 μg), kanamycin (KAN, 30 μg), meropenem (MEM, 10 μg), norfloxacin (NOR, 10 μg), SXT (23.75 μg sulphamethoxazole-1.25 μg trimethoprim), and TET (30 μg) (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK). The MDR phenotype was defined when a strain was resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight heavy metals were determined using broth dilution testing (microdilution) [33 (link),34 (link),42 (link)]. CdCl2, CrCl3, CuCl2, HgCl2, MnCl2, NiCl2, PbCl2, and ZnCl2 were purchased from the Sinopharm (Shanghai, China). K. pneumoniae ATCC13883 and E. coli K12 (Institute of Industrial Microbiology, Shanghai, China) were used as quality-control strains.
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2

Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance in Vibrio cholerae

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V. cholerae isolates were measured for in vitro susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents (Oxoid, UK) according to the method described previously (Hu and Chen 2016 (link); Tang et al. 2014 (link)). Ten antimicrobial agents were AMP, CHL, KAN, RIF, SPT, STR, TET, TM, and sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim (SXT). Tolerance of V. cholerae isolates to eight heavy metals NiCl2, CrCl3, CdCl2, PbCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, MnCl2, and HgCl2 (Analytical Reagent, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) was also determined according to the method described previously (Hu and Chen 2016 (link)). Escherichia coli strains ATCC25922 and K12 (Institute of Industrial Microbiology, Shanghai, China) were used as quality control strains in antibiotic and heavy metal resistance tests, respectively (Matyar 2012 (link); Song et al. 2013 (link)).
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3

DNA Sequence Synthesis and Purification

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The designed DNA sequences were synthesized and purified by GenScript Biotech Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). DNA strands modified with biotin were purified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and other strands were purified by economic PAGE (ePAGE) or PAGE. The DNA strands are shown in Figure S1. All sequences are shown in Table S1. The concentration of each strand was estimated by measuring the UV absorbance at the wavelength of 260 nm using a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). STV (used without further purification), agarose, and GelRed were purchased from Sangon Bio-tech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). NiCl2 was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China. All aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water.
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4

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of V. parahaemolyticus

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V. parahaemolyticus strains were measured for in vitro susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents and heavy metals according to the methods described previously (Song et al., 2013 (link)). The heavy metals used in this study included: NiCl2, CrCl3, CdCl2, PbCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, MnCl2 and HgCl2 (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China).
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5

Enzymatic Assay Protocol for Trypsin

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Trypsin
from bovine pancreas was obtained
from Aladdin Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). CuSO4·5H2O was purchased from Shanghai Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai,
China). HgCl2, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2,
MnCl2, CoCl2, BaCl2, CuCl2, NiCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, and AlCl3 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China). l-Tryptophan (l-Trp), l-proline (l-Pro), l-tyrosine (l-Tyr), l-histidine (l-His), l-threonine (l-Thr), and l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) were purchased
from Shanghai Sangon Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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6

Heavy Metal Ions Synthesis Protocol

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Diammonium hydrogen citrate, urea, L-cystiene, HD-met-oH, glycine, L-glutathione (GSH) and the salts (PbCl2, Cr(NO3)3, CuCl2, HgCl2, NiCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, CdCl2, CoCl2, SnCl2, HgCl2, MnCl2 and SrCl2) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, Rhodamine 6 G (99%) was purchased from Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd. All the chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification. The deionzed water was used throughout the experiments.
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7

V. cholerae Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Tolerance

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V. cholerae isolates were measured for in vitro susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents, and tolerance to 8 heavy metals according to the methods described in our previous studies.18 (link),35 The antimicrobial agents (Oxoid) included 10 μg AMP, 30 μg chloramphenicol (CHL), 10 μg STR, 10 μg gentamicin (CN), 30 μg kanamycin (KAN), 5 μg RIF, 100 μg spectinomycin (SPT), 30 μg TET, 5 μg TM, and 25 μg SXT (sulfamethoxazole [23.75 μg]-trimethoprim [1.25 μg]). The heavy metals included CdCl2, CrCl3, CuCl2, PbCl2, HgCl2, NiCl2, MnCl2, and ZnCl2 (analytical reagents; Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with concentrations tested in the range from 3.125 to 3,200 μg/mL. Escherichia coli strains ATCC25922 and K12 (Institute of Industrial Microbiology, Shanghai, China) were used as quality control strains.18 (link),35
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8

Heavy Metal Tolerance Assay

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A heavy metal tolerance assay was carried out according to a method described previously [6 (link),9 (link),53 (link)]. Eight heavy metals CdCl2, CrCl3, CuCl2, NiCl2, HgCl2, MnCl2, PbCl2, and ZnCl2 were purchased from Analytical Reagent, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). A broth dilution test (microdilution) was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of heavy metals (3200 to 3.125 μg/mL) against the isolates in vitro. E. coli K12 (Institute of Industrial Microbiology, Shanghai, China) was used as a quality control strain [6 (link),9 (link),53 (link)].
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9

Synthesis of Luminescent Coordination Polymers

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For the synthesis of CDs-2 and CDs-3, citric acid monohydrate, 4-pyridinemethaneamine, 1,6-dibromohexane, 1-bromododecane, and quinine sulfate dihydrate were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Inc. (Shanghai, China) and used without further purification. Metal salts, including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, FeCl3, FeCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, NiCl2, and CoCl2, were obtained from Sinopharm Group Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Milli-Q water and analytical grade pure ethanol were used during the preparation and spectroscopic measurements.
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10

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles

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Poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PFO) and poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Tetrahydrofuran (THF; anhydrous, ≥99.9%, inhibitor-free), diphenylcarbazide (DPC), K2Cr2O7, NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, CaCl2, FeCl3 6H2O, CuCl2 2H2O, NiCl2, KMnO4, acetic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, HCl and NaOH were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shangai, China).
The apparatus used in the work included a transmission electron microscope (Talos F200X G2, Thermo Fisher, Waltam, MA, USA); dynamic light scattering system (DLS, Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, United Kingdom); U-3900 ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan); F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Japan) and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (Carl Zeiss, Germany).
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