Dichloroethane

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

Dichloroethane is a colorless, volatile liquid chemical used as a solvent and intermediate in the production of other chemicals. It has the molecular formula C2H4Cl2.

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Lab products found in correlation

8 protocols using dichloroethane

Synthesis and Characterization of Catalysts

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All
chemicals were used
directly as provided commercially without additional purification.
Milli Q water was obtained using an IQ 7000 purifying system. P25
TiO₂, HAuCl₄·3H₂O, PdCl₂, acetone (99.9%, CH₃COCH₃), sodium
hydroxide (reagent grade, 97%, powder, NaOH), 1-phenylethanol (97%),
hexanoic acid (99%), pentane (99%), lauric acid (97%), palmitic acid
(99%), stearic acid (98%), oleic acid (97%), undecane (99%), pentadecane
(99%), heptadecane (99%), p-xylene (99.5%, as internal
GC standard), different solvents including dodecane (99%), PhMe (99%),
THF (99%), DMF (99%) and dichloroethane (99%) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. Jatropha oil was purchased from the Shenyu company
in Yunnan Province, China. Wasted cooking oil and wasted hot-pot oil
were collected from Sichuan Province, China.

Yang H., Tian L., Grirrane A., García-Baldoví A., Hu J., Sastre G., Hu C, & García H. (2023). Enhanced Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylation over Bimetallic Au–Pd Core–Shell Nanoparticles Deposited on TiO2. ACS Catalysis, 13(22), 15143-15154.

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Synthesis of Metal-Containing Emulsions

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All chemicals were of analytical grade unless noted otherwise and used as received. Dichloroethane (DCE, 99.8%), tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP, 99%), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 99%), hexachloroplatinic acid, and iron (III) chloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Chromium (III) chloride, cobalt (II) chloride, manganese (II) chloride, vanadium (III) chloride, nickel (II) chloride, indium (III) chloride, cobalt (II) nitrate, nickel (II) nitrate, lanthanum (III) nitrate, iron (II) nitrate, platinum (IV) nitrate, and gadolinium (III) chloride were obtained from Fisher Scientific and used without further purification. Stock solutions (100–300 mM) of each metal were prepared in MilliQ water (>18 MΩ cm) and diluted as necessary to be used in the emulsion preparation. Metal salt solutions were stored in a dark refrigerator (4 ℃) to avoid photodecomposition. Metal salt compatibility was investigated to prevent competing reactions (Supplementary Table 4). Metal salts were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy to ensure no leakage into the DCE phase following sonication (Supplementary Fig. 20).

Glasscott M.W., Pendergast A.D., Goines S., Bishop A.R., Hoang A.T., Renault C, & Dick J.E. (2019). Electrosynthesis of high-entropy metallic glass nanoparticles for designer, multi-functional electrocatalysis. Nature Communications, 10, 2650.

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Serdexmethylphenidate and Dexmethylphenidate Analysis

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Ser dexmethylphenidate (99.55 % purity) and dexmethylphenidate (99.70 % purity) were kindly provided by Novartis Pharma S.A.E., Cairo, Egypt. Azstarys capsules (batch number R-11052) manufactured by Novartis Pharma S.A.E., Cairo, Egypt, under license from Novartis Consumer Health SA—Switzerland; labeled to contain 52.3 mg of Ser dexmethylphenidate and 10.4 mg dexmethylphenidate per capsule. Acetonitrile, dichloroethane and methanol, all of HPLC grade (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany). Hydrochloric acid and Sodium hydroxide, analytical grade (El-Nasr Co., Egypt), were prepared as 0.1N aqueous solutions. Phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) was prepared.

Kelani K.M., Nassar A.M., Omran G.A., Morshedy S., Elsonbaty A, & Talaat W. (2023). Chromatographic reversed HPLC and TLC-densitometry methods for simultaneous determination of serdexmethylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate in presence of their degradation products—with computational assessment. BMC Chemistry, 17(1), 76.

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Chitosan Sulfonation Protocol

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The introduction of sulfonic acid groups was performed by a reaction between chitosan and chlorosulfonic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany). Adding 5 g of chitosan (Sigma-Aldrich) to 100 cm³ of dichloroethane (Sigma-Aldrich, the mixture was stirred for 1 h, at 25 °C. After this period, an appropriate amount of chlorosulfonic acid (0.004, 0.008, 0.015, 0.023 and 0.030 mol for the catalyst 1–CH–SO₃H, 2–CH–SO₃H, 3–CH–SO₃H, 4–CH–SO₃H, and 5–CH–SO₃H, respectively) was added dropwise under stirring for 30 min in an ice-bath. The catalyst was then removed from the mixture by filtration. After this operation, the materials were washed with dichloroethane, and dried at room temperature.

, & Castanheiro J. (2021). Chitosan with Sulfonic Groups: A Catalyst for the Esterification of Caprylic Acid with Methanol. Polymers, 13(22), 3924.

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Analytical Methods for Phthalate Esters

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For this study, all other chemicals/reagents used were DMP (C₁₀H₁₀O₄ -Purity ≥99%), DEP (C₁₂H₁₄O₄ -Purity ≥99%), DBP (C₁₆H₂₂O₄ -Purity ≥99%), BBP (C₁₆H₂₀O₄ -Purity ≥99%), DEHP (C₂₄H₃₈O₄ -Purity ≥99%), Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) (C₂₄H₃₈O₄ -Purity ≥99%), DIBP (C₁₆H₂₂O₄ -Purity ≥99%) and acetone (C₃H₆O -Purity ≥99.5%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Also, Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄ -Purity ≥95%), benzyl benzoate (C₁₄H₁₂O₂ -Purity ≥98%), n-hexane (C₆H₁₄ -Purity ≥95%) and dichloroethane (C₂H₄Cl₂ -Purity ≥99%), were all purchased from Merck, Germany.

Khishdost M., Dobaradaran S., Goudarzi G., Takdastan A, & Babaei A.A. (2023). Contaminant occurrence, distribution and ecological risk assessment of phthalate esters in the Persian Gulf. PLOS ONE, 18(7), e0287504.

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Synthesis and Characterization of PEG-based Hydrogels

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Styrene (C₈H₈) was an Aldrich product (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) and was washed 3 times with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, dried over calcium dichloride (CaCl₂), and distilled under reduced pressure over calcium hydride (CaH₂) before use. Hydroquinone (C₆H₆O₂), dichloroethane (C₂H₄Cl₂), methacryloyl chloride (C₄H₅ClO), chloroform (CHCl₃), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃), and lead oxide (PbO) were Merck products (Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Boron nitride (BN) powder was 1 μm in size and Aldrich product. PEG-1000, PEG-1500, PEG-10,000 were Merck products. The PEG DM-1000, PEG DM-1500, PEG DM-10,000 macro crosslinkers were synthesized from PEG-1000, PEG-1500, PEG-10,000 polymers by our group. PEG-DM is the abbreviation of poly (ethylene glycol dimethylmethacrylate) in PEG DM-1000, PEG DM-1500, PEG DM-10,000 [52 ,53 (link)].

Cinan Z.M., Erol B., Baskan T., Mutlu S., Savaskan Yilmaz S, & Yilmaz A.H. (2021). Gamma Irradiation and the Radiation Shielding Characteristics: For the Lead Oxide Doped the Crosslinked Polystyrene-b-Polyethyleneglycol Block Copolymers and the Polystyrene-b-Polyethyleneglycol-Boron Nitride Nanocomposites. Polymers, 13(19), 3246.

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Carotenoid Extraction and Quantification

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All reagents and chemicals used were of HPLC and analytical grade. All trans-β-carotene (βC), 9-cis-β-carotene (9-cis-βC), 13-cis-β-carotene (13-cis-βC), β-cryptoxanthin (βCX), lutein (LUT) and zeaxanthin (ZEA) were purchased from CaroteneNature (Ostermundigen, Switzerland). An internal standard of β-apo-8′-carotenal was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane, methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Carotenoid extraction and analysis was done as described in Rosales, Agama-Acevedo, Bello-Perez, Gutiérrez-Dorado, and Palacios-Rojas (2016) (link). Total pVAC was computed as βC + (1/2)(13-cis-βC) + (1/2)(9-cis-βC) + (1/2)(βCX), which also represents total β-carotene equivalents (βCE).

Taleon V., Mugode L., Cabrera-Soto L, & Palacios-Rojas N. (2017). Carotenoid retention in biofortified maize using different post-harvest storage and packaging methods. Food Chemistry, 232, 60-66.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Biferrocene Schiff Bases

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All chemicals attained from commercial sources were of analytical grade and used for experiments as received. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were obtained from Fluka in pure form. Ferrocene, sodium nitrite, palladium charcoal, nitroaniline, hydrazine, hydrochloric acid and anhydrous potassium carbonate were obtained in pure form. Dichloroethane was purchased from Merck. Absolute ethanol, dimethyl formamide (DMF), dichloromethane and diethyl ether were further purified before use, following the standard method.^{31 (link)}Bruker AXR, 300 MHz spectrometer was used for recording ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra. Vibration frequencies of all biferrocene Schiff bases were recorded through FT-IR spectra on ATR with PerkinElmer System 2000. Electrochemical studies were done with the help of a Potentiostat/Galvanostat (Gamry interface 1000).

Nazir U., Akhter Z., Janjua N.K., Adeel Asghar M., Kanwal S., Butt T.M., Sani A., Liaqat F., Hussain R, & Shah F.U. (2020). Biferrocenyl Schiff bases as efficient corrosion inhibitors for an aluminium alloy in HCl solution: a combined experimental and theoretical study. RSC Advances, 10(13), 7585-7599.

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