Milli q water

LN and FPP (>98 wt%) were purchased from TCI Chemical Industry Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). OFL (>98 wt%), NOR (>98 wt%), CIP (>98 wt%), ENR (>98 wt%), FLE (>98 wt%), FLU (>98 wt%), and carbamazepine (CBZ, >98 wt%) were obtained from Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The detailed physicochemical properties of the five FQs and the two molecular probes are listed in Table 2 ^{1 (link),7 ,50 (link),55 (link),56 (link)}. EPI was purchased from Shanghai Lingfeng Co., Ltd. CA, acetonitrile (HPLC grade), acetic acid (HPLC grade), NaOH, HCl, NaCl, KCl, and other reagents used in this study were all analytical grade and obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was used for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and all solutions were stored at 277 K prior to use.

Chlorauric acid (HAuCl₄∙3H₂O), potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (K₂PtCl₄), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), hydrogen peroxide, L-ascorbic acid (AA), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), cysteine, L-glutathione reduced (GSH), L-glutathione oxidized (GSSG), horseradish peroxidase and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. FeSO₄∙6H₂O, Co(NO₃)₂∙6H₂O, ZnSO₄, CuSO₄, Mg₂SO₄, Na₂S∙9H₂O, glucose, uric acid and glycine were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Milli-Q water (18 MΩ cm) was used in the preparation of all solutions.

Styrene (St, 99%) and hydrogen peroxide solution (H₂O₂, 30%) were purchased from Shanghai Adamas Reagent Ltd. Methacrylic acid (MAA, 98%), ammonium persulfate (APS, 98.5%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 96%), PVA (1750 ± 50, alcoholysis degree 99%), ethanol (99.7%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm) was used throughout the experiment.