Primary antibodies against α sma

MDSCs and slices of rats were fixed using 4% paraformaldehyde (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) and permeabilized using 0.05% TritonX-100 (Servicebio). After blocking, MDSCs and slices of rats were stained with primary antibodies against α-SMA (Cell Signaling Technology) at 4°C overnight. Then they were incubated with FITC anti-mouse IgG (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA) for 1 h. After washing three times with PBA, slices were stained with diamidino-phenyl-indole (DAPI) to detect the nuclei. Images were captured using a laser scanning confocal microscope (Leica TCS SP5, Wetzlar, Germany).

Salidroside was provided by the Second Military Medical University (Shanghai, China; purity >99%). Folic acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Recombinant human TGF-β1 was purchased from Pepro Tech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid (UA) commercial kits were obtained from the Jiancheng Institute of Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were purchased from Elabscience (Wuhan, China). The primary antibodies against α-SMA, vimentin, E-cadherin, snail, slug, NF-κB, p-IκBα, Erk, p-Erk, JNK, p-JNK, Ρ38, p-Ρ38, and GAPDH were produced by Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The anti-collagen I primary antibody was purchased from Affinity (Affinity Biosciences). The anti-collagen Ш primary antibody was obtained from Proteintech (Chicago, IL, USA). The anti-TLR4 and anti-TGF-β1 primary antibodies were produced by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The anti-p-NF-κB and anti-IκBα primary antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The antibodies are listed in Table S1 and the critical chemicals and commercial assays are listed in Table S2.