832 ccd camera

Protoplasts from the calli were generated as previously described [69 ], then protoplast suspensions were dropped onto microscope slides to observe the plastid modes. Light microscopy of various orange tissues of Hongkong kumquats was performed using a frozen sectioning technique with a Leica CM1900 (Leica, Germany). An optical microscope (BX61, Olympus) equipped with a DP70 camera was used in tandem with a differential interference contrast (DIC) technique.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed according to Cao et al. [28 (link)]. Samples were prepared using a normal fixation process with 2.5% glutaraldehyde adjusted to pH 7.4, and a 0.1 M phosphate buffer with 2% OsO₄. The preparations were dehydrated and embedded in epoxy resin and SPI-812, respectively. Ultrathin sections obtained with a Leica UC6 ultramicrotome were stained with uranyl acetate and subsequently with lead citrate. Image recording was performed with a HITACHI H-7650 transmission electron microscope at 80 KV and a Gatan 832 CCD camera.
Starch granule morphology was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The samples were mounted on studs, sputter coated with gold (Balzers, JFC-1600), and examined under a JSM-6390LV SEM (JEOL, Japan).

Mature stage plants and flowers at anthesis were photographed with an Olympus C-770 digital camera (Tokyo, Japan). Mature anthers were examined using a Nikon SMZ1500 stereoscope and photographed with a Nikon DS-5Mc digital camera (Tokyo, Japan). The wild-type and osabcg15 mutant anthers were separately crushed and stained in 1 % I₂–KI solution for 3–5 s to dye starch then photographed with a Nikon E600 microscope. Observation of anther development by semi-thin sections and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed as described by Li et al. (2006 (link)) using an Hitachi H-7500 transmission electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan). Bright-field photographs of anther cross-sections were taken under a Nikon E600 microscope using a Nikon DS-5Mc digital camera, and the TEM results were photographed using a Gatan 832 CCD camera (Pleasanton, CA, USA). For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, anthers were collected and processed essentially as described by Keijzer et al. (1996 (link)) and observed with a Quanta 200 scanning electron microscope (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) under a strong vacuum. Anthers from different developmental stages, as defined by Zhang et al. (2011 (link)), were collected based on spikelet length and lemma/palea morphology.

For PodJ condensate visualization in living cells, the C. crescentus NA1000 xylX::podJ strain or recombinant cells of E. coli containing YFP-PodJ expression plasmids were induced and prepared as described above. Cells were fixed with 2.5% (w/v) glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.4, PBS) overnight at 4 °C. The cells were subsequently washed with PBS buffer and dehydrated in graded ethanol or acetone solutions. After embedding in epoxide resin, 50-nm thin frozen sections were cut using a Leica UC6 ultramicrotome and mounted on carbon-coated Formvar copper TEM grids. After staining with 2% (w/v) uranyl acetate, the samples were examined using FEI Tecnai Spirit BioTWIN electron microscopy at an operating voltage of 200 kV. Images were obtained using a Gatan 832 CCD camera.