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1

Quantifying HsSAS-6 Ring Radius and Symmetry

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To determine the radius of each HsSAS-6 ring and each F131E-EGFP torus, the localized peaks were rendered into a 3D stack of images, with each point represented by a Gaussian function (σ = 4 nm; Peakselector; courtesy of H. Hess, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA). The stack was then projected along the axis of the ring to yield a 2D image. The center of mass of each image was determined using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health), and the plugin Radial Profile was used to determine the intensity distribution as a function of distance from the center of mass, which was then fitted using a Gaussian function in OriginPro 8.6. Center positions values of each fitted Gaussian were taken as the ring radius. For Fig. 6, the angular distribution and fold symmetry of HsSAS-6 rings was assessed using the angular intensity profiles given by the plugin Oval Profile. The intensity profiles obtained were then filtered using a long pass Fourier filter in OriginPro 8.6, and peak-to-peak distances were calculated using local maxima (Fig. S4).
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2

Spectral Analysis of P. aeruginosa

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Spectra were collected in SpectraSuite and processed in OriginPro 8.6. A baseline was drawn over the raw spectra, omitting the attenuation peaks. The spectra were then divided by the baseline, resulting in a change in the axes from intensity versus wavelength to transmission percentage versus wavelength. This processing allowed for quantification of attenuation depth (loss of transmission) and attenuation peak wavelength. OriginPro 8.6 was then used to find the peak wavelengths, using the ‘peak finder’ function. The peak wavelength was the wavelength at which the highest loss of transmission occurred, i.e. the apex of the peak. Spectra processing and peak wavelength finding were performed on all collected spectra, for both the calibration and the P. aeruginosa culture experiments, for both attenuation bands/peaks in the optical spectra. Wavelength shift was calculated for each peak using equation 1: Δλ=λt/cλ0
Where Δλ is the wavelength shift, λt/c is the peak wavelength at time t (for exposure to bacteria culture medium) or concentration c (for the sodium chloride calibration) and λ0 is the peak wavelength at 0 h (bacteria) or 0% w/v (sodium chloride). Wavelength shift was then plotted against concentration or time respectively.
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Statistical Analysis of Experimental Results

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The results were presented as the mean of three independent experiments and the standard error (SE). One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analysis of the test results at the significance level of p-value <0.05 (OriginPro 8 software). The IC50 was obtained using polynomial concentration–response curve fitting models (OriginPro 8 software).
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4

Bacterial Growth Rate Profiling

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Recombinant E. coli culture broth (1 mL) was used to determine the absorbance at 600 nm (OD600). The specific growth rate plots were drawn from OD measurements using the software OriginPro 8.5.1. The data processing steps are as follows: (a) Fitting of time and OD to obtain data 1; (b) Differential of OD to time to obtain data 2; (c) Data 2 were divided by data 1 to obtain specific growth rates (µ), which included 100 data and the total fermentation time was evenly divided into 100 equal parts. The obtained specific growth rates (µ) including 100 data and time divided into 100 equal parts were used to draw the specific growth rate plots using the software OriginPro 8.5.1. Three parallel experiments were independently performed, and data are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD).
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5

Fluorescence Data Analysis Protocols

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All experimental and further transformed data were fitted to appropriate equations listed and discussed in the Results section below, using the non-linear least square fitting module of the OriginPro 8.1 software. The analysis of data using Eqs 9, 10, 12, 14 and 17 required fixing of the limiting values of fluorescence intensity at the appropriate wavelengths for the phenolic and phenolate species, which corresponds to the limiting values of Eq 7. It should be noted that even though the equations listed below are not in the logarithmic form, they can process the logarithmic data (pH) thanks to the appropriate annotation in the fitting function (e.g. in the OriginPro 8.1 software).
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6

FTIR-ATR Analysis of Protein Samples

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Chemical groups and bonding arrangement of components present in protein samples were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR -ATR), using a Jasco FTIR-4600 spectrophotometer equipped with an ATR PRO ONE (Jasco, Easton, MD, USA). Measurements were performed in a spectral range of 4000 to 400 cm−1 at a 4 cm−1 resolution and scan number 32. Fourier second derivative analysis was performed for the Amide I region (1700–1600 cm−1) using the OriginPro 8.5 software (OriginLab, Northampton, MA, USA). Curve normalization was developed at the highest intensity peak and Gaussian peak fitting using OriginPro 8.5 software (OriginLab, Northampton, MA, USA). The percentages of the secondary structures were determined by integrating the areas of the fitted peaks. Intensity measurements were performed on the original and the second-derived spectra by calculating the height of the absorbance bands from their baseline. All chemical functional groups were identified using published reports [9 (link),17 (link),34 (link)].
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7

Cultivar Responses to Temperature Conditions

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Six biological replications per cultivar were used to record different traits under different temperature conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using generalized linear model in SPSS (version 16; SPSS Inc., United States) to test the significance of differences in all measured parameters of cultivars under different temperature conditions. The mean values of each cultivar under different temperature conditions were compared using Duncan multiple-range test (DMRT), whereas mean values of both cultivars under individual temperature condition were compared using Student t-test. Data and graphs and for Chl a fluorescence and PSII heterogeneity were statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5.01 (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States) and Origin Pro8. To deduce information from the O-J-I-P transients, normalizations and computations were performed using the Biolyzer 4HP software, and Origin Pro8 was used for graphical presentation.
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8

Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Data

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Excel 2010 was used to perform the data analysis. The tables and figures were done on OriginPro 8 and Coreldraw X7. The analysis of correlation, regression, and Monte Carlo were employed in this study with the help of SPSS 22, OriginPro 8 and Oracl Crystal Ball.
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9

Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data

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Graphing and statistical analysis were performed using GraphPad Prism software (Version 5.0, GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) and Origin Pro 8 (Origin Lab Corporation, USA). Peaks were fit by Origin Pro 8 (Origin Lab Corporation, USA). The EC50 values and the 95% confidence intervals were determined by non-linear regression using GraphPad Prism (Version 5.0, GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Statistical significance between different groups was calculated using an ANOVA and, where appropriate, a Dunnett’s multiple comparison test; p values below 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
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10

Intracellular Nucleotide Concentration Analysis

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Intracellular nucleotide concentrations were calculated based on the ratio of 1.3 mL intracellular water per gram dry weight (Firler et al. 1998 ). As proposed by Atkinson (1968 (link)) Energy Charge levels were calculated using the formula (ATP + 0.5 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP). All Calculations were performed either with the software Excel 2010 from Microsoft or OriginPro 8 from Origin Lab. Data were tested for normal distribution with the Shapiro Wilks test (OriginPro 8). Figures and Tables were created using Microsoft Word, OriginPro 8 and Adobe Illustrator CS2.
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