AFM was performed in tapping mode using NTEGRA Prima equipped with a NSG01 cantilever (NT-MDT, Russia) to examine the morphology of the nanocellulose samples. For sample preparation, the CNF/CCNF and the CNC suspensions were diluted to a concentration of 10 -2 and 10 -3 wt.%, respectively, and a droplet of each suspension was placed on a freshly cleaned silicon wafer substrate and dried. The AFM height images were then processed with the Gwyddion software. The nanoparticle diameter was determined from the height profiles of AFM height images as an average of 100 measurements.
Ntegra prima
Manufactured by NT-MDT
Sourced in Russian Federation, United States
NTEGRA Prima is a high-performance scanning probe microscope (SPM) system designed for advanced materials research and nanoscale imaging. It offers a comprehensive set of measurement capabilities, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and advanced spectroscopy techniques. The NTEGRA Prima provides a versatile and reliable platform for researchers to investigate the topography, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties of a wide range of samples at the nanoscale.
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Lab products found in correlation
Image analysis software, by NT-MDT (2 mentions)
Nsg01, by NT-MDT (1 mentions)
Malvern zetasizer nano s, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
J 815 cd spectrometer, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Sd r150 t3l450b 10, by Nanosensors (1 mentions)
Thioflavin t tht, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fluostar optima microplate reader, by BMG Labtech (1 mentions)
Zetasizer nano s, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Ntegra spectra, by NT-MDT (1 mentions)
Nsg 10, by NT-MDT (1 mentions)
26 protocols using ntegra prima
1
Nanocellulose Morphology Characterization by AFM
2
Visualizing HU Macromolecules on Mica
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HU macromolecules deposited on the mica surface were imaged by the AFM. The freshly cleaved mica of area 1 cm 2 was treated by 0.1 M MgCl 2 . This solution was deposited on the mica surface in volume of 50 μL and dried by air flow after 60 s of incubation at room temperature. Then, 50 μL of 0.1 or 0.01 wt. % HU solution was deposited on the dry modified mica surface and incubated for 120 s at room temperature. The excess solution was then gently dried by air flow.
Unless otherwise stated, all process parameters for the deposition of the solution on the mica surface were kept constant. The samples were analyzed with the NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT) microscope in the tapping mode in the air atmosphere. The silicon probe of force constant (1.45-15.1) N/m, type NSG01 (TipsNano) was used. The sample area was scanned in rate of 0.7 Hz in 512 × 512 pixel format.
Unless otherwise stated, all process parameters for the deposition of the solution on the mica surface were kept constant. The samples were analyzed with the NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT) microscope in the tapping mode in the air atmosphere. The silicon probe of force constant (1.45-15.1) N/m, type NSG01 (TipsNano) was used. The sample area was scanned in rate of 0.7 Hz in 512 × 512 pixel format.
3
Atomic Force Microscopy of Cell Nanostructure
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Atomic force microscope NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments, Moscow, Zelenograd, Russia) was used to obtain images of cells, their nanostructure, and cytoskeleton. Images were obtained using NSG01 cantilevers with gold reflective coating, 10 nm probe radius, and stiffness coefficient of 1.45–15.1 N/m (TipsNano, Tallinn, Estonia). Fields ranging in size from 100 × 100 to 2 × 2 μm2 were scanned in the semicontact mode. The number of points for each image was set from 512 to 1024.
4
Atomic Force Microscopy of CA-PEI Micelles
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The morphology of the CA-PEI micelles was analyzed by atomic force microscope NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT, Russia). The scanner (50 µm) equipped with capacitive sensors and silicon cantilevers (curvature 10 nm, spring constant 0.4–2.7 N/m, NT-MDT) was used for scanning. An aliquot of the suspension of CA-PEI was evenly spread on the surface of freshly-cleaved mica and dried. The samples were analyzed in air using the tapping mode with a resonance frequency of 80 kHz, scan rate of 1 Hz and resolution of 256×256 pixels. The tip loading force was minimized to reduce deformation of the sample.
5
Atomic Force Microscopy of Protein Fibrils
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To further confirm the presence of possible fibrils AFM was used. All samples were diluted 1 : 20 in order to observe individual structures more clearly, except for the Lys/H2O system at pH 2.0 which was diluted 1 : 40. The diluted samples were pipetted onto mica plates and allowed to settle for 10 min in room temperature. The plates were then rinsed 10 times with MQ water, and carefully dried with filter paper and nitrogen. AFM images were recorded on an NT-MDT NTEGRA Prima atomic force microscope with a NSG01 gold-coated single crystal silicon probe (resonant frequency ∼150 kHz, force constant ∼5.1 N m−1) using tapping mode (0.5 Hz scan frequency). The AFM imaging was performed in air. The images were processed using Gwyddion.39
6
Atomic Force Microscopy of Red Blood Cells
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The atomic force microscope NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments, Moscow, Russia) was used to evaluate RBC morphology. We used NSG01 cantilevers with a gold reflective coating, tip curvature radius of 10 nm, tip height of 14–16 µm, and force constant of 1.45–15.1 N/m (TipsNano, Tallinn, Estonia). Scanning was performed in semi-contact mode. The resonance frequency was 87–230 kHz. The scanning areas ranged from 50 × 50 to 10 × 10 μm2. The resolution of image acquisition was 512 and 1024 pixels for each sample. The resulting images were processed using FemtoScan Online software, Version 2.3.239(5.2) (Femtoscan, Moscow, Russia).
To prepare smears, cells were fixed. For this purpose, 50 µL of 1% glutaraldehyde solution (Panreac Quimica S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain) was added to 50 µL of cells. The cells were incubated for 4 min. Then, the samples were washed with distilled water to avoid salts on the smear. A cell monolayer for scanning by atomic force microscope was obtained using a V-Sampler (Vision, Vienna, Austria) by placing a 10 µL specimen on a slide. Dry smears were scanned at room temperature (20 °C).
To prepare smears, cells were fixed. For this purpose, 50 µL of 1% glutaraldehyde solution (Panreac Quimica S.L.U., Barcelona, Spain) was added to 50 µL of cells. The cells were incubated for 4 min. Then, the samples were washed with distilled water to avoid salts on the smear. A cell monolayer for scanning by atomic force microscope was obtained using a V-Sampler (Vision, Vienna, Austria) by placing a 10 µL specimen on a slide. Dry smears were scanned at room temperature (20 °C).
7
Chit5 Nanoparticle Synthesis and Characterization
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Using CD spectroscopy (Jasco J-815 CD Spectrometer, JASCO Corp., Tokyo, Japan), the degree of deacylation of Chit5 was determined by the peak at 215 nm corresponding to the absorption of the amide bond, and it was 92–95%.
Chit5 nanoparticles were obtained after 1 h incubation of 5 mg of Chit5 (PBS, pH 7.4) and drug-MCD inclusion complex (5 mg on drug for 20–35% of mass content in final formulation) followed by extrusion (three times through 200 or 400 nm membrane, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA).
Chit5–genipin (Chit5-gen) nanoparticles were obtained after 24 h incubation of Chit5 nanoparticles (5 mg on Chit5) with 0.1 mg of genipin (dissolved in 10 µL of EtOH) [53 (link),53 (link),54 (link),55 (link),56 (link),57 (link)].
Particles’ hydrodynamic diameter sizes and ζ-potentials were measured using a Zetasizer Nano S «Malvern» (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK). The topography, phase and magnitude signal images of the nanogels deposited onto freshly cleaved surface of mica were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) using a scanning probe microscope NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments, Moscow, Russia).
Chit5 nanoparticles were obtained after 1 h incubation of 5 mg of Chit5 (PBS, pH 7.4) and drug-MCD inclusion complex (5 mg on drug for 20–35% of mass content in final formulation) followed by extrusion (three times through 200 or 400 nm membrane, Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA).
Chit5–genipin (Chit5-gen) nanoparticles were obtained after 24 h incubation of Chit5 nanoparticles (5 mg on Chit5) with 0.1 mg of genipin (dissolved in 10 µL of EtOH) [53 (link),53 (link),54 (link),55 (link),56 (link),57 (link)].
Particles’ hydrodynamic diameter sizes and ζ-potentials were measured using a Zetasizer Nano S «Malvern» (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK). The topography, phase and magnitude signal images of the nanogels deposited onto freshly cleaved surface of mica were obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) using a scanning probe microscope NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT Spectrum Instruments, Moscow, Russia).
8
Atomic Force Microscopy of RBC Membranes
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The atomic force microscope (AFM) NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT, Russian Federation) was used to obtain сell and membrane images and to measure local stiffness of RBC membranes in a liquid. To acquire images, NSG01 cantilevers (Nanosensors, Switzerland) with a force constant of 5 N/m and tip radius of 10 nm were used. The numbers of scan points were 512 and 1024. Measurements of local stiffness of RBC membranes were performed by ASF on the vertical displacement of a piezoscanner, where the sample was placed [14 (link), 23 (link)]. To measure the deformation of the membrane, the type SD-R150-T3L450B-10 (Nanosensors, Switzerland) cantilever was used. The radius of the cantilever probe was 150 nm, the coefficient of elasticity was 1 N/m, the probe height was 15 μm, and the resonance frequency was 21 kHz.
To measure stiffness, RBCs were scanned in an AFM field 100 × 100 μm2; a group of cells was selected for the study and scanned in the field of 30 × 30 μm2. Then, in the atomic force spectroscopy mode, a marker was placed on the cell image and the region was exposed to an indenter (probe) with the force F. The characteristics and peculiarities of deep penetrations of the probe into the membrane were studied. That is, curves of the piezoscanner's approach was used in the analysis of the experimental data, I(z) and correspondingly F(h).
To measure stiffness, RBCs were scanned in an AFM field 100 × 100 μm2; a group of cells was selected for the study and scanned in the field of 30 × 30 μm2. Then, in the atomic force spectroscopy mode, a marker was placed on the cell image and the region was exposed to an indenter (probe) with the force F. The characteristics and peculiarities of deep penetrations of the probe into the membrane were studied. That is, curves of the piezoscanner's approach was used in the analysis of the experimental data, I(z) and correspondingly F(h).
9
Surface Characterization of Chitosan-Modified Electrodes
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The electrodes were modified with chitosan and dried. Later, the modified chitosan electrode was further deposited with GD. The surface morphological characterization of electrodes was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, CLARA, TESCAN, Czech) at an operating voltage of 500 eV. Atomic force microscopic (AFM) images were recorded by NTEGRA PRIMA, NT-MDT, Russia. The chitosan films and GD electrografted chitosan films were chemically analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Omicron ESCA Probe spectrometer with unmonochromatized Mg KR X-rays (energy) 1253.6 eV, 300 W). All the spectra were deconvoluted to their component peaks, using the software CASA-XPS.
10
Kinetics of α-Synuclein Aggregation
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