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11 protocols using anti asialo gm1 antiserum

1

Isolating and Depleting Liver NK Cells

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Liver NK cells were enriched using the EasySep Mouse NK Cell Enrichment Kit (Stemcell technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, the mouse CD49b positive selection kit isolates CD49b+ cells from liver mononuclear cells using an anti-CD49b antibody which binds to the CD49b expressed on the surface of NK cells. Antibody-bound cells are retained in the column by magnetic particles present on the captured antibody, and unwanted cells are eluted. NK cells were defined as NK1.1+ CD3 populations using anti-mouse PE-NK1.1 and FITC CD3 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA).
NK cells were depleted in vivo by intraperitoneal injection of 50 μl of anti-asialo GM1 antiserum (Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan) on days −3, +1 and +4 relative to intrasplenic tumor cell injection [13 (link)].
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2

Immune Cell Depletion Protocol

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Mice were treated weekly with 200 µg anti-CD4 antibodies (clone GK1.5, Bio X Cell, NH, USA), 200 µg anti-CD8α (clone 2.43, Bio X Cell), 10 µL anti-asialo GM1 antiserum (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), or rat IgG2b isotype control (clone LT F-2, Bio X Cell) by intraperitoneal injection 3 days prior to irradiation. CD8+, CD4+, T cells, and NK cell depletion were confirmed by flow cytometry.
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3

Depletion of T Cell Subsets

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Mice received four intraperitoneal injection of 15μl of anti-asialo GM1 antiserum (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan; Cat. No. 986-10001), 300μg of anti-CD8 (clone 53.6.72) and 200μg of anti-CD4 (clone GK1.5) at day 4, 6, 11 and 13 after intrahepatic injection of MC38. Anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 were provided by Dr. I. Melero (Center for Applied Medical Research, Navarra, Spain).
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4

Lymphoma Xenograft Model in Athymic Mice

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Athymic female mice (6–8 weeks old) (Harlan Sprague-Dawley) were housed in the FHCRC animal facility according to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. All mice were placed on a biotin-deficient diet (Purina Mills) 7 days prior to PRIT studies. Ramos, Granta-519, or Granta-519luc cells (107) were injected subcutaneously in the right flank 7–14 days prior to experiments to produce lymphoma xenografts measuring 6 to 8mm in diameter. Anti-asialoGM1 antiserum (30 μl, WAKO) was injected i.p. 8 days and 3 days prior to FP injection, and weekly for 100 days to prevent spontaneous tumor regressions.
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5

Inhibiting Murine NK Cell Activity

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Ten-week-old male CB17 SCID mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Lecco, Italy) and housed in laminar flow cages. Mice were fed with sterile food and water. Mouse age at the beginning of the experiments ranged between 20-22 weeks. Mice endogenous NK cell activity was inhibited by an intraperitoneal injection of 50 ml of anti-asialo GM1 antiserum (Wako, Chemicals, Richmond, VA,) on day -3, 0, +14 and +21 utilizing as a reference time that of a subcutaneous injection of ML-2 cells or ML-2 plus NK cells.
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6

Human Lymphoma Xenograft Mouse Model

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All mouse experiments were carried out in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. Animals were maintained under protocols approved by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (FHCRC IACUC); this study was authorized specifically under IACUC file No. 1490. Female athymic nude mice (Harlan Sprague Dawley) aged 6–8 weeks were injected subcutaneously with 1×107 Ramos or Granta cells in the right flank to generate solid human lymphoma xenografts. To facilitate synchronous, uniform establishment of tumors, 4 μg of anti-asialo-GM1 antiserum (Wako Chemicals USA) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) on day—1 before inoculation, followed by another injection on day 4 and then weekly until the end of the study. All mice were provided with a biotin-deficient diet (Harlan Teklad) from 5–6 days before to 6 days after injection of MAb-SA conjugates. Euthanasia was performed through carbon dioxide overexposure per the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) guidelines.
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7

Depletion of Immune Cell Subsets in Mice

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For depletion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells in vivo, 200 μg of anti-CD4 mAb (clone 2.43; BioXcell, US), anti-CD8 mAb (clone GK1.5; BioXcell, US), and 20 μl of anti-asialo GM1 antiserum (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Japan), respectively, were intraperitoneally injected into each mouse three times on days 3,5, and 7 before challenge (27 (link)). Control mice were injected with 200 μg of rat IgG2b (clone LTF-2, BioXcell, US). The body weight of the mice was measured for two weeks after challenge.
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8

In Vivo Cell Depletion Protocol

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For the depletion of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in vivo, 200 µg of anti-CD8 mAb (clone 2.43; BioXcell) and anti-CD4 mAb (clone GK1.5; BioXcell) were injected intraperitoneally into mice four times at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 before challenge. Non-depleted control mice were given isotype control rat IgG2b antibodies (clone LTF-2, BioXcell). Blood and lungs were taken from the mice 24 h after the last antibody injection and were subjected to flow cytometry to confirm the depletion. For flow cytometric analysis, we used anti-CD8 mAb (clone 53-6.7; Biolegend) and anti-CD4 mAb (clone RM4-5; Biolegend) directed against different epitope of CD4 and CD8 molecules to that of the depleting antibodies. For the depletion of NK cells, 20 µl of anti-asialo GM1 antiserum (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) were injected intraperitoneally into mice four times at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 before challenge. Non-depleted control mice were given normal rabbit serum (Wako Pure Chemical Industries). The spleens were taken from the mice 24 h after the last antibody injection to confirm the depletion by flow cytometry. For flow cytometric analysis, we used anti-CD3 mAb (clone 17A2; Biolegend) and anti-CD49b mAb (clone DX5; Biolegend).
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9

Establishment of Murine Tumor Cell Lines

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The subline F10.P1 of the B16 melanoma (C57BL/6 origin) was established in our laboratory from a B16-F10 lung metastasis. The chicken OVAlbumin-transduced M05 variant of the B16 melanoma cell line (expressing the SIINFEKL peptide in H-2Kb) was a kind gift from Dr. Louis Falo, University of Pittsburgh [40 (link)]. Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) and Panc02 adenocarcinoma cells were purchased from The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The MC38 colon carcinoma was a gift from Dr. M. Shurin, University of Pittsburgh. MC38 and Panc02 tumor cells were transfected to produce OVA-expressing variants, MC38OVA and Panc02 OVA, respectively. All cell-lines were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum, 2 mM glutamine, 20 mM Hepes buffer, 0.8 g/l streptomycin and 1.6×105 U/l penicillin (from hereon referred to as complete medium, CM). Adherent cells were detached by exposure to 0.02% EDTA for 2–3 min and washed three times in RPMI-1640. Cell viability, judged by trypan blue dye exclusion test, was always >95%. Murine pulmonary metastases were established by tail vein injection of 0.2–0.4×106 cells in 0.3 ml of RPMI-1640 into C57BL/6 mice, pretreated on day −1 with 40 μl anti-asialoGM1 antiserum (Wako Pure Chemicals, Wako, TX, USA).
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10

SCID Mice Model for Myeloma

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Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice (Charles River, Tokyo, Japan) were injected with 100 μl anti-asialo GM1 antiserum (Wako, Osaka, Japan) 1 day before tumor inoculation to eradicate residual natural killer cells. Luciferase-transfected RPMI8226 cells were treated with or without heat at 43°C for 30 minutes, and then the MM cells were transplanted subcutaneously in SCID mice. Six weeks after the inoculation, the tumorigenic capacity was evaluated by IVIS imaging system (SPI Summit Pharmaceuticals International, Tokyo, Japan). Animal experiments were conducted under the regulation and permission of the Animal Care and Use Committee of Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (toku-dobutsu 11083).
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