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23 protocols using mg no3 2

1

Apricot and Grape Drying Process

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All of the reagents used were of analytical grade. Furthermore, acids were purified by sub-boiling distillation in a quartz apparatus. An 18 MΩ cm -1 deionized water-purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was used in all experiments. The stock aqueous solution of sulfur (1000 mg/L) was prepared by dissolving thiourea, sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate supplied from Merck in deionized water. A working solution of sulfur was also prepared from the above-mentioned stock solution by necessary dilution.
Three apricot samples (yellow apricot sample-chemically dried; brown apricot sample-chemically dried; and apricot sample-dried under sun shine) were supplied from Malatya, Turkey. This province leads apricot production, and exports apricots worldwide. One grape sample chemically dried was supplied from Manisa, Turkey. Manisa is the second-biggest grape producer city worldwide. The samples were exposed to SO2 gas for drying. SO2 gas was obtained by the burning of elemental sulfur.
Pd(NO3)2 (Sigma-Aldrich), Mg(NO3)2 (Merck, Germany), Ca(NO3)2 (Riedel-de-Haen, Switzerland), (NH4)3PO4 (Merck, Germany) and, Pd(NO3)2 + Mg(NO3)2, prepared in HNO3, were investigated at 5% (v/v) concentration to determine the best modifier.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials

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InCl3 (99.99%), GaCl3 (99.99%), lauric acid (98%), palmitic acid (99%), Cs2(CO3) (99.9%), GdCl3·6H2O (99.9%),
Br2 (≥99%), oleylamine (technical grade), 1-ODE
(technical grade), Se (≥99.5%), trioctylphosphine (97%) 1,
and 2-dimethoxyethane (99.5%) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich,
India. Pb(NO3)2 (99%), FeCl3 (96%),
CoCl2·6H2O (98%), NiCl2 (97%),
MnCl2 (99%), Mg(NO3)2 (99%), and
oleic acid (65–88%) were purchased from Merck, India. 1-Dodecanthiol
(98%) was purchased from Loba Chemie. CuCl2·2H2O (99%), ZnCl2 (97%), CdCl2·H2O (98%), KNO3(99%), SnCl2·2H20, and stearic acid (90%) were purchased from Thomas Baker,
India. Myristic acid (95%), AgNO3 (99.8%), and AlCl3 (96%) were purchased from SRL, Rankem, and Finar, respectively.
All the FTIR spectra were acquired using Bruker ALPHA E, 200396; the
TGA data were recorded on the TA Instrument Q-50 TGA. 1H NMR was obtained in CDCl3 and DMSO-d6 using Bruker ASCEND 400. The UV–visible spectra
were collected using PerkinElmer (model: LS 55). The PL spectra were
acquired using the HORIBA scientific spectrophotometer (model: PTI-QM
510), and PXRD was recorded on a PANalytical X-ray diffractometer
using Cu Kα (λ = 1.54 Å) as the incident radiation
(40 kV and 30 mA).
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3

Antioxidant and ACE Inhibition Assays

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The food-grade enzyme Alcalase 2.4 L was provided by Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), pyrocatechol violet, ferrozine, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cu(NO3)2, Mg(NO3)2, Mn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, NaNO3 KNO3, Ni(NO3)2 and Cr(NO3)3 Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 solutions were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
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4

Arsenic Speciation and Determination

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Stock standard solutions of As(iii) and As(v) were prepared by dissolving appropriate amounts of As2O3 and Na2HAsO4·7H2O, respectively (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Working standard solutions were obtained daily by diluting the stock solution with ultrapure water. A chemical modifier solution for GFAAS was prepared by using a mixture of Pd(NO3)2 (1000 mg L−1) and Mg(NO3)2 (300 mg L−1) solutions, both from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Choline chloride and citric acid monohydrate both with a purity higher than 99% were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). The chelating agent, diethyldithiophosphoric acid (DDTP) with a density of 1.17 kg L−1 was purchased from Merck. Na2S2O3 and KI (both Merck) were added for the reduction of As(v) to the trivalent state in sample solutions in order to determine total As.
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5

Bistorta amplexicaulis root analysis

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Roots of Bistorta amplexicaulis plant was collected from Ghangachoti Bagh Azad Kashmir. Chemicals including AgNO3, NaNO3, KCl, CaCl2, SnCl2, BaCl2·2H2O, HgCl2, PbCl2, CuSO4, Mg(NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, AlCl3, and CuSO4·5H2O were purchased from chemical companies i.e., Merck or Sigma Aldrich and used without any further pretreatment. A calculated amount of AgNO3 and each metal salt were added in distilled water to prepare a stock solution.
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6

Antioxidant Compounds and Metal Standards Procurement

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Phenolic acids and flavones (gallic and quercetin) were purchased from Karl-Roth, Karlsrue, Germany, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, Fluka Switzerland. Other chemicals (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8—tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox)) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Matrix modifier for graphite furnace AAS (Pd(NO3)2/HNO3 ca. 15% (Palladium matrix modifier), Mg(NO3)2·6H2O in HNO3 ca. 17% (Magnesium matrix modifier), NH4H2PO4 100 ± 2 g/L in H2O (Phosphate modifier) were purchased from Merck KgaA, 6471 Darmstadt, Germany. Standards solution (Cu(NO3)2) in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Copper standard solution), Cd(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Cadmium standard solution), Cr(NO3)3 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Chromium standard solution), Mn(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Manganese standard solution), SeO2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Selenium standard solution), NaNO3 in H2O (Sodium standard solution), Mg(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Magnesium standard solution), KNO3 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Potassium standard solution), Fe(NO3)3 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Iron standard solution), Ca(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Calcium standard solution), Ni(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Nickel standard solution), Pb(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Lead standard solution), and Zn(NO3)2 in HNO3 0.5 mol/L (Zinc standard solution) were purchased from Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
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7

Mushroom Heavy Metal Analysis

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Mushroom samples were digested by microwave oven under the conditions described above for Hg analysis (section 2.3). Subsequent quantification was carried out using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GF-AAS, model AAnalyst 600, Perkin-Elmer, Germany) with longitudinal Zeeman effect correction, pyrolytic tubes with transverse heating, and integrated L'vov platform equipped with an autosampler (model AS-800). Discharge lamps without electrodes and wavelengths of 228.8 nm for Cd and 283.3 nm for Pb were used. As a matrix modifier, a solution of 0.067 mg H 2 PO 4 NH 4 (Merck, Spain) and 0.003 mg Mg(NO 3 ) 2 (Merck, Spain) in 10 μL 1% HNO 3 (v/v) was used for both elements. The temperature program used in the graphite furnace is shown in the supplementary material (S1). Quality control of the quantification was carried out by analysis of an EnvironMAT drinking water reference sample (EP-H-2; SPC Science, Canada) certified for Cd (0.079 mg/L) and Pb (0.26 mg/L).
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8

Characterization of Whey Protein Powder

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The WP powder had a protein content of 888 � 0.13 g/kg, as determined by the Kjeldahl method using 6.38 as the conversion factor for total nitrogen. Approximately 93.5% of this protein was WP and ca.
6.5% was casein (a mixture of αs1, αs2, β and κ caseins), as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Chevallier et al., 2018) (link). One hundred g of this powder contained 6.31 � 0.20 g moisture and 0.17, 0.02, 0.15 and 0.11 g Ca, Mg, Na and K, respectively, as measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (Chevallier et al., 2018) (link).
Nile blue, 37% hydrochloric acid (HCl), α-lactose monohydrate (4-Oβ-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-glucose) and sodium hydroxide were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Saturated solutions of CH 3 COOK (Sigma-Aldrich), MgCl 2 (Merck, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France) and Mg(NO 3 ) 2 (Merck) were used to adjust the a w of powders to ca. 0.23, 0.30 and 0.52, respectively.
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9

Adsorption of Zn(II) from Aqueous Solutions

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Anhydrous 1,4-dioxane, active carbon (particle size <100 µm), iminodiacetic acid, NaOH, HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , Mn(NO 3 ) 2 , K 2 SO 4 , NaCl, CH 3 COOH, CH 3 COONa, NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , FeSO 4 , CuSO 4 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 , NiSO 4 , Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , Hg(NO 3 ) 2 , Al (NO 3 ) 3 , AgNO 3 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , Ba(NO 3 ) 2 , and ethanol were products of Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
All the reagents were of analytical grade and used without any further purification.
The stock solution (1000 mg/L) of Zn(II) was prepared by dissolving an appropriate amounts of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 , in deionized water. To adjust the pH of the solution, 10 mL of 0.01 M acetic acid-acetate buffer (pH 3-6.5) or 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.5-9) was used wherever suitable.
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10

Film Desiccation and Humidity Control

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Prior to testing, all films were placed in a desiccator at room temperature for 24 h. The desiccators maintained a relative humidity of 54 ± 2% and had a saturated solution of Mg(NO3)2 (Sigma-Aldrich) placed at the bottom.
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