Anserine (Figure 1 ), carnosine, L-histidine, 1-methyL-histidine, β-alanine, phenylephrine, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, aminoadipic acid, triethylamine and phenyl isothiocyanate were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). Hydrophilic nylon syringe filters (0.45 μm) were purchased from Hamach Scientific (Xi’an, China). Anserine, carnosine, L-histidine, 1-methyL-histidine and β-alanine were dissolved in distilled water and filtered before used. Marine Active® was provided by Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry (Shizuoka, Japan) and stored at 4 °C. Marine Active® contains 38% anserine, 26.2% L-histidine, 3.4% carnosine and 32.4% others.
Phenylephrine
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
Phenylephrine is a synthetic chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It functions as a sympathomimetic agent, primarily affecting the alpha-adrenergic receptors. The core purpose of Phenylephrine is to induce vasoconstriction, a process that involves the narrowing of blood vessels.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Trifluoroacetic acid, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Phenyl isothiocyanate, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
β alanine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
L histidine, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Prazosin hydrochloride, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Isoproterenol, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Midazolam, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Eletriptan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sumatriptan, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Sertraline, by Fujifilm (1 mentions)
Fatty acid free human serum albumin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mao a, by Corning (1 mentions)
3 protocols using phenylephrine
1
Quantification of Anserine and Related Compounds
2
Adrenoceptor Agonists and Antagonists
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We used prazosin hydrochloride (1 mg/kg) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan) and propranolol hydrochloride (1 or 10 mg/kg) (TOKYO KASEI, Tokyo, Japan) as adrenoceptor antagonists. Phenylephrine (5 mg/kg) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd, Osaka, Japan) and isoproterenol (5 mg/kg) (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, United Kingdom) were used as α receptor and β receptor agonists, respectively. Pilocarpine was mixed with 1X PBS and used as a control treatment.
3
Liver Microsome Preparation and Characterization
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Midazolam, rizatriptan, phenylephrine and sertraline were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Sumatriptan and S-citalopram were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Imipramine was purchased from Nakalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Eletriptan and fatty acid-free human serum albumin (HSA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All other chemicals and reagents were analytical-grade products from commercial sources. Pooled HLMs (50 donors, #PLo50BA), CD-1 mouse liver microsomes, SD rat liver microsomes and beagle dog liver microsomes were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Pooled HLMt (5 donors, #1110152) was purchased from Sekisui XenoTech.
(Kansas City, KS). An MAO expression system (Supersomes: MAO-A, MAO-B and control) was purchased from Corning (Corning, NY). Individual HLMs and HLMt were prepared according to the previously reported method (13) . Human liver blocks were obtained from Human and Animal Bridging Research Organization (Chiba, Japan). The study protocol was approved by the ethical committees of the School of Medicine in Kanazawa University. Individual HLMs and HLMt were independently prepared to prevent loss derived from sequential purification.
(Kansas City, KS). An MAO expression system (Supersomes: MAO-A, MAO-B and control) was purchased from Corning (Corning, NY). Individual HLMs and HLMt were prepared according to the previously reported method (13) . Human liver blocks were obtained from Human and Animal Bridging Research Organization (Chiba, Japan). The study protocol was approved by the ethical committees of the School of Medicine in Kanazawa University. Individual HLMs and HLMt were independently prepared to prevent loss derived from sequential purification.
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