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23 protocols using bluephase n

1

Comparative Evaluation of Flowable Composite and Cention-N for Restoring Class V Cavities

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Class V cavities, measuring 5 mm in mesiodistal width, 2 mm occlusogingivally, and 1.5 mm in depth, were prepared on the buccal surface of each tooth with the use of a carbide fissure bur (010 SS White, Switzerland) under air and water spray. The dimensions of the prepared cavities were standardized using Vernier caliper. The cavities were prepared to have their centre at the cemento-enamel junction. A new bur was used for every 4 th tooth.
The teeth were then randomly divided into two groups of 15 each. Group I: Flowable Composite Seventh-generation bonding agent (3M ESPE, Single Bond Universal Adhesive) was applied and lightcured (Bluephase-N, Ivoclar Vivadent) for 20 s, then flowable composite (3M ESPE Filtek Z350 XT) was dispensed and light-cured for 20 s Group II:-Cention-N Seventh-generation bonding agent (3M ESPE, Single Bond Universal Adhesive) was applied and lightcured (Bluephase-N, Ivoclar Vivadent) for 20 s, then Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent, India) was mixed and light-cured for 20 s.
Finishing and polishing of the restorations were performed after 24 h using Sof-Lex Finishing and Polishing Kit (3M ESPE, St Paul, USA), and the samples were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h.
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2

Cention N Material Preparation Protocol

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Manipulation of materials was done according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cention N (Ivoclar Vivadent, LOT X 54164) is marketed as powder and liquid (Table 1). The two components of the material were mixed by one scoop of powder with one drop of liquid. Dual-cure Samples were cured using a LED light-curing unit Bluephase N (Ivoclar Vivadent), and exposure time of the 20s as per the protocol provided by the manufacturer.
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3

Standardized Composite Resin Sealing of Pulp Chambers

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Pulp chambers were completely filled with composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE) using the incremental technique to seal the canal and standardize the depth of the preparation used just in thin layer thickness. The treatment involved applying a self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray) for 20 seconds and then a mild oil-free air jet and curing with a high-power LED curing light (Bluephase N, Ivoclar Vivadent) for 15 seconds at 1200mW/cm2. The internal angles were rounded off and the post walls, where present, were removed by a single operator using high-speed diamond tips (4137, KG Sorensen).
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4

Silane Coupling Agent Preparation Protocols

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Subgroup C: non-etching group, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
Subgroup H2O2: immersed in 35% hydrogen peroxide for 1 min, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
Subgroup THF: immersed in tetrahydrofuran for 1 min, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
Subgroup PY: immersed in pyridine for 1 min, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
Subgroup MP: immersed in morpholine for 1 min, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
The same technique was used for all subgroups (n = 10): the specimens were inserted into a hole in the bottom of the plastic mold, as shown in Figure 1. ExcitE F DSC (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) was applied for 10 s with a microbrush to produce only a thin layer, and the excess bonding agent was removed with gentle air drying. Then, the bonding agent was activated using a light-curing unit (Bluephase N®, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) at high intensity for 20 s.
Multicore flow (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) was injected around the post until the plastic mold was fully filled. The post was then light-cured for 40 s per surface.
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5

Evaluation of Resin Cement Bonding

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A separating layer (MDC, California, United States) was placed into the cavities of the cast models, and the 30 indirect restorations were manufactured with UD2 color dentin composite (ENA HRi, SYNCA) employing the oblique incremental technique with layers of 2 mm thick. Each layer was photopolymerized for 20 seconds at an intensity of 1,200 mW/cm
2(Bluephase N; Ivoclar Vivadent, New York, United States). The samples were randomly distributed into two experimental groups corresponding to the cementing material (
Table 1): group A, 15 restorations cemented with RC (resinous cement) (Relyx U200, 3M ESPE), and group B, 15 composite restorations cemented with PR color UD2 (ENA HRi, SYNCA). All procedures were performed according to manufacturers’ instructions (
Tables 23). The restorations were polished with flexible Sof-Lex finishing and polishing discs (3M ESPE) and were subjected to a thermocycling regimen of 500 cycles with an exposure time of 30 seconds at 4°, 37°, and 57°C to simulate the environment of an oral cavity.
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6

Silane Coupling Agent Preparation Protocols

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Subgroup C: non-etching group, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
Subgroup H2O2: immersed in 35% hydrogen peroxide for 1 min, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
Subgroup THF: immersed in tetrahydrofuran for 1 min, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
Subgroup PY: immersed in pyridine for 1 min, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
Subgroup MP: immersed in morpholine for 1 min, rinsed with deionized water, dried by air blowing, and covered with a silane coupling agent.
The same technique was used for all subgroups (n = 10): the specimens were inserted into a hole in the bottom of the plastic mold, as shown in Figure 1. ExcitE F DSC (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) was applied for 10 s with a microbrush to produce only a thin layer, and the excess bonding agent was removed with gentle air drying. Then, the bonding agent was activated using a light-curing unit (Bluephase N®, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) at high intensity for 20 s.
Multicore flow (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) was injected around the post until the plastic mold was fully filled. The post was then light-cured for 40 s per surface.
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7

Resin Cement Specimen Fabrication

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Specimens were fabricated of Choice 2 light-cure resin cement (Group 4), and G-CEM LinkForce and Panavia V5 dual-cure resin cements (Groups 5 and 6) with translucent color, measuring 0.3 mm in thickness and 10 mm in diameter (minimum possible thickness for the respective tests). A stainless-steel mold with 0.3 mm depth was fabricated for this purpose. The resin cement was applied into the mold. A Mylar strip followed by a glass slab were placed over the resin cement to obtain a smooth surface. Next, 2.5 kg static load was applied for 20 s to standardize the thickness of all resin cement specimens. Next, light-curing was performed using an LED curing unit (Bluephase N, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) with a light intensity of 1200 mW/cm2 for 40 s. Curing was performed in four points using the overlapping technique. The light intensity was checked prior to each time of use with a radiometer (LM1; Woodpecker, Japan).
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8

Ceramic Surface Preparation for Resin Bonding

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Next, the ceramic surface was isolated with a perforated matrix correspondent to the adhesive area of the cylinders samples to avoid excess of cement (
Fig. 2). The isolated surface was etched with hydrofluoric acid 5% (
Fig. 2A) (Condac Porcelain, FGM) for 60 seconds, washed with water for 60 seconds, and then a jet of air was used for 15 seconds to dry the surface. The silane (Monobond N, Ivoclar Vivadent) was applied with the aid of a microbrush for 60 seconds (
Fig. 2B). After surface treatments, the resin cement (Multilink N, Ivoclar Vivadent) pastes were mixed as recommended by the manufacturer and applied on the center of the treated ceramic surface and on its counterpart on the resin cylinders. The ceramic and the cylinders were bonded together and a static load of 51.2 g weight was applied to the top surface of the cylinder to the 300-μm group; and a load of 810 g was used to the 60-μm group (
Fig. 2C). Then, the cement excesses were removed, and light activation (1200 mW/cm
2, Bluephase N, Ivoclar Vivadent) was performed in five exposures of 20 seconds on each side of the sample. The etched ceramic surface and the polished ceramic can be observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) in
Fig. 3.
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9

Fabrication of Resin Composite Blocks

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The resin composite blocks (Filtek Z350XT,3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A) were fabricated from putty silicone mold with 3 mm diameter and 3 mm length, using the light-curing unit (Bluephase N, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with the intensity of 1200 mW/cm,
2 (link)
as per the manufacturer's instruction.
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10

Composite Resin Specimen Preparation

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Thirty-six disc-shaped specimens of the nanofilled composite resin Filtek Z350 X (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States), shade A1, were built up by using a cylindrical teflon mold (6 mm of diameter and 1 mm of thickness). After the composite insertion, the mold was covered with mylar strips, and the material maintained under digital pressure for 10 seconds before the light activation. The specimens were light cured for 20 seconds with the light-emitting diode Bluephase N (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein; irradiance = 1,000 mW/cm
2). The polymerized specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours before the finishing procedures with SiC sandpapers (600, 800, 1,200, and 2,000) under water irrigation (Politriz Universal, Arotec, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). Following, the specimens were cleaned in an ultrasonic bath with distilled water for 10 minutes and stored in artificial saliva at 37°C.
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