All patients underwent comprehensive baseline echocardiograms using commercial instruments (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, Washington, USA; General Electric, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). The extracted conventional echocardiographic parameters were measured, according to the current American Society of Echocardiography guidelines.10 11 (link) Echocardiographic analysis was completed using Syngo Dynamics (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). Left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) volumes were measured using a modified biplane Simpson’s method, and volume indexes were calculated as volume divided by body surface area. The peak early diastolic velocity and the peak early diastolic of mitral annular tissue motion velocities were measured. The ratio of mitral early inflow velocity to early mitral annular velocity (E/e′) ratio was calculated. Tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity was assessed using tissue Doppler imaging from the apical four-chamber view. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion was measured as the systolic displacement of the tricuspid lateral annulus, recorded on M-mode imaging. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was estimated from the peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation jet using the modified Bernoulli equation plus right atrial (RA) pressure evaluated from the inferior vena cava size and collapsibility.
Syngo dynamics
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany, United States
Syngo Dynamics is a software platform developed by Siemens for viewing, analyzing, and managing medical imaging data. It provides a comprehensive suite of tools for processing and interpreting various imaging modalities, including echocardiography, angiography, and cardiac MRI. The core function of Syngo Dynamics is to enable healthcare professionals to efficiently access, review, and collaborate on patient imaging data.
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Lab products found in correlation
Ie33 system, by Philips (3 mentions)
Aquarius intuition, by TeraRecon (1 mentions)
Vivid e90, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Ultrasound system, by Philips (1 mentions)
Vivid 1, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Vivid e95, by Philips (1 mentions)
Vivid e9, by Philips (1 mentions)
Vivid 7, by Philips (1 mentions)
Dotarem, by Guerbet (1 mentions)
15 protocols using syngo dynamics
1
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Evaluation Protocol
2
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Function
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Transthoracic echocardiography was performed with a Philips iE-33 system (Philips Electronics; Andover, MA). Measurements were analyzed using Syngo Dynamics (Siemens Healthcare, Germany). Pulsed-wave Doppler was used to measure mitral and tricuspid inflow peak velocity at early (E) and late filling (A) between the leaflet tips. Tissue Doppler imaging was used to determine mitral and tricuspid valve annular velocities in early (e’) and late diastole (a’) at both the septal and lateral annulus. Continuous-wave Doppler sampling of the peak TRV was used from parasternal and apical windows8 (link). Increasing color gain and decreasing the color Doppler Nyquist limit were used as needed to clarify the tricuspid regurgitation jet and obtain an adequate Doppler wave form. Agitated saline injection was also used as needed. The highest TRV was recorded.
3
Standardized Cardiovascular Exercise Testing
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Exercise tests types were electrocardiography only, electrocardiography plus echocardiography (eg, stress echo), and cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Tests were supervised by clinical exercise physiologists, nurses, and cardiovascular technicians. Before the test, cardiovascular risk factors and relevant medical history were reviewed by staff using the medical record and patient interview. Exercise tests were conducted consistent with American Heart Association guidelines.13 (link) The supervising clinician selected the exercise protocol; the Bruce and modified Bruce protocols were most often chosen. Patients were verbally encouraged to provide a sign- or symptom-limited maximal effort. A preliminary report that included demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, relevant medical history, and rest and exercise data was created by the supervising clinician using a clinical reporting system (syngo Dynamics, Siemens Medical Solutions). This report was subsequently reviewed by a reading cardiologist and uploaded to the medical record (Epic, Epic Systems Corporation).
4
Echocardiographic Examination for Feline HCM
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Complete echocardiographic examination was performed by an American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine board-certified cardiologist (JS, MO), or a cardiology resident or a cardiology research fellow directly supervised by the cardiologist. A 4- to 12-mHz sector-array transducer (S12 –4) was used for all echocardiographic examinations. All echocardiographic examinations were successfully performed with gentle restrain without sedation. All measurements were performed using an offline analysis software (Syngo Dynamics, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). HCM was diagnosed if cats had interventricular and/or left ventricular posterior wall thickness exceeding 6 mm45 (link),46 (link). Cats with changes consistent with HCM were kept in lateral recumbency after echocardiography, and their systolic blood pressure was obtained using a Doppler blood pressure measurement device and sphygmomanometer to rule out possible systemic hypertension as an inciting cause of left ventricular hypertrophy. Systemic hypertension was suspected if systolic blood pressure persistently exceeded 160 mmHg and the cats with persistent systemic hypertension were excluded from this study. After an assessment of echocardiographic images, ECG, systolic blood pressure complete blood count, biochemical profile and total T4 level, cats with HCM and without any exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study.
5
Prenatal Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta
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This retrospective study was conducted at Skane`s University Hospital at Lund University, one of two tertiary referral centers for pediatric cardiac surgery in Sweden. The institutional fetal cardiology database and “The Swedish Registry of Congenital Heart Defects” (SWEDCON) were searched for infants born 2010–2018 with a prenatal suspicion of CoA. Fetuses with prenatally suspected CoA with or without borderline hypoplasia of the left heart structures were included. Exclusion criteria were prenatally suspected hypoplastic left heart syndrome, complex CHD other than associated aortic arch hypoplasia, VSD, mild aortic (AS) or mitral valve stenosis (MS) or persistent left superior vena cava (LSVC), and insufficient technical quality including suboptimal imaging of the sagittal aortic arch. This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board according to the Helsinki declaration.
Demographic pre- and postnatal variables were obtained from the medical record and operative reports. If multiple echocardiograms were available, the study with the most optimal imaging technique was used for analysis.
Fetal echocardiograms were analyzed using SyngoDynamics (Siemens, Germany). All measurements were conducted by an experienced fetal echocardiographer (K.F.).
Demographic pre- and postnatal variables were obtained from the medical record and operative reports. If multiple echocardiograms were available, the study with the most optimal imaging technique was used for analysis.
Fetal echocardiograms were analyzed using SyngoDynamics (Siemens, Germany). All measurements were conducted by an experienced fetal echocardiographer (K.F.).
6
Comprehensive Cardiac Imaging in TAVI
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Patient demographics, prior history and comorbidity, echocardiographic parameters, aortic valve data, ECG findings (baseline and post-TAVI), and procedural details were collected for the present analyses. Aortic valve annular parameters were measured using ECG-gated computed tomography (CT) images with contrast pre-TAVI (or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients without pre-TAVI contrast CT due to poor renal function). Calcium score of aortic valve leaflets was quantified using ECG-gated contrast CT images pre-TAVI, where a pre-specified threshold was established to account for the hyperdensity of the applied contrast medium according to a prior study.11 (link) Calcification at the left ventricular outflow tract was also assessed using pre-TAVI CT images. These imaging data were collected using Aquarius iNtuition (TeraRecon Inc., Foster City, CA, USA). Oversizing was calculated based upon the methods described in a prior study.12 (link) Implantation depth of the BEV relative to the base of non-coronary cusp (NCC) was defined as the distance between the bottoms of the NCC and the valve stent frame in the final right anterior oblique caudal aortic root angiogram and was measured using SyngoDynamics (Siemens Healthcare, Malvern, PA, USA).
7
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment
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Transthoracic echocardiogram studies were performed by certified academic sonographers using standard commercially available ultrasound systems (Vivid E90 [GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA] and iE33 [Philips Medical Imaging, Andover, MA, USA]) and recorded on an image and information system (Syngo Dynamics [Siemens Medical Solutions, Ann Arbor, MI, USA]). Echocardiographic images were acquired, and measurements were performed offline in accordance with the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography.8) (link) A complete 2D, color, pulsed and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiogram was performed. LVEF was assessed by 3D, 2D Biplane Simpson’s, or visual estimate. LV mass indexed, LV end-diastolic volume indexed and left atrial (LA) volume indexed was corrected for body surface area. LV diastolic function was examined using mitral flow velocities, mitral annular e’ velocity, E/e’ ratio, peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation jet and LA volume indexed. Right ventricular (RV) systolic function was evaluated using RV S’, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), or visual assessment. Right atrial pressure was estimated based on the inferior vena cava diameter and variability in accordance with the current guideline.
8
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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All study subjects underwent a comprehensive TTE examination (Philips iE33 system, Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands) including M-mode, two-dimensional (2D), pulsed and continuous-wave Doppler, and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Structural and functional imaging parameters were measured according to current recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography, and DD was classified according to current guidelines [34 (link)]. Resting and provoked (using the Valsalva maneuver) LVOT flow gradients were assessed, and patients were divided into having non-obstructive (HNOCM; resting LVOT gradient < 30 mmHg), latent obstructive (HLOCM; resting LVOT gradient < 30 mmHg, provoked LVOT gradient ≥ 50 mmHg), and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM; resting LVOT gradient ≥ 30 mmHg) according to current guidelines [36 (link)]. Images were analyzed using the commercially available software Syngo Dynamics (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany).
9
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Myocardial Infarction
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Comprehensive 2‐ and 3‐dimensional trans‐epicardial echocardiography was performed using a commercially available ultrasound system (iE33/X5‐1 transducer; Philips, Andover, MA) before and after MI at day 0 and before euthanasia. Three‐dimensional full‐volume images were collected with multibeat (4–6 beat) acquisition under electrocardiographic gating. Two‐dimensional data were analyzed with Syngo Dynamics (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), and 3‐dimensional data were analyzed with 4‐dimensional LV analysis version 3.1.2 (TomTec, Unterschlessheim, Germany) for LV volume.10 , 31 Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated as ([end‐diastolic LV volume] – [end‐systolic LV volume])/(end‐diastolic LV volume). MI size was measured using ImageJ version 1.48 (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) by planimetry of the visually determined MI endocardial surface area of the open harvested heart and its ratio to total LV endocardial surface area.
10
Echocardiography Protocol for Cardiac Assessment
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Echocardiography was performed using 2–5 MHz phased array transducers with standard ultrasound equipment from three vendors (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Philips, Bothell, WA, USA; and Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Echocardiograms were stored offline and later analysed using echocardiographic software (Syngo Dynamics, Siemens, Malvern, PA, USA). All TTEs were analysed by trained investigators according to current guidelines by the American Society of Echocardiography12 and blinded to all LUS data as previously reported.8 , 9
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