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20 protocols using tert butanol

1

Venlafaxine Degradation via Oxidation

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Venlafaxine hydrochloride (>= 97.5%) and tert-butanol (99.5%) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Geel, Belgium). Sulfuric acid (95–97%, pro analysis) and hydrochloric acid (37%, pro analysis) were received from Bernd Kraft GmbH (Duisburg, Germany). Ammonia (approximately 25%) was acquired from Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze GmbH (Seelze, Germany). Tert-Butanol (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) was used as a radical scavenger. For natural organic matter simulation, humic acid was purchased from Alfa Aesar (≥98%, Haverhill, MA, USA). Hydrogen peroxide was used as a 30% stabilized H2O2 solution (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany). Acetonitrile was obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Formic acid (FA) was received from Fluka-Honeywell (Seelze, Germany).
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2

Imaging Apical Dendrite Morphology Post-Stroke

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Seven days after white matter stroke in YFP-H transgenic mice (n = 5), animals were transcardially perfused with 4% PFA and post-fixed overnight at 4C. Tissue slabs 3 mm in thickness and spanning the region of stroke were generated that included left and right cortical regions. Tissues were cleared using uDISCO as described [38 (link)]. Briefly, tissues were optically cleared by serial incubation in increasing concentrations of tert-butanol (Acros Organics) followed by immersion in benzyl alcohol (Sigma-Aldrich)/benzyl benzoate (Sigma-Aldrich)/diphenyl ether (Alfa Aesar) (BABB-D) solution until transparent. The tissues were then immediately imaged on a Leica SP5 laser confocal microscope.
Apical dendrite length was measured in Fiji [42 (link)]. A standard grid was applied to images and neighboring YFP+ and YFP+/FR+ neurons (within 10 μm) were measured. The apical dendrite was measured by manual tracing beginning at the cell body and moving superiorly until the YFP signal was lost. Ten pairs of neurons were quantified per animal.
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3

Benzoic Acid Synthesis Reagents

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High-purity grade benzoic acid (C6H5COOH, BA, 99.6%) was purchased from Acros Organics (Belgium). Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2, NB, 99%) and silver nitrate (AgNO3, 99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Acetonitrile (CH3CN, 99.9%), ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, 99%), tert-butanol ((CH3)3COH, 99.5%), methanol (CH3OH, UHPLC grade), nitric acid (HNO3, 70%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, pure), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8, reagent grade), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, 99.5%), sodium nitrate (NaNO3, 99%) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, 99%) were acquired from Acros Organics (Belgium). Acetic acid (CH3COOH, ≥99.9%), orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4, 85%), potassium iodide (KI, ≥99.5%) and sodium acetate trihydrate (NaCH3COO·3H2O, ≥99%) were purchased from VWR Chemicals (Belgium). Potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate (K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O, ≥98%) was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Germany). Working solutions were prepared with Milli-Q water purified using a Milli-Q®-Reference system (18 MΩ cm) from Merck (Germany).
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4

Enzymatic Esterification Optimization

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Sebacic acid (99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich),
lipase acrylic resin—CALB (lipase B from C.
antarctica
, ≥5000 U g–1,
Sigma-Aldrich), and deuterated acetone (99.9% atom D, Sigma-Aldrich)
were used without any treatment. Molecular sieves, 5 Å (spheres,
4–8 mesh, Sigma-Aldrich), were exhaustively washed with distilled
water and dried in an oven at 400 °C for 4 h. Glycerol (≥99.5%,
Sigma-Aldrich), tert-butanol (99.5%, Acros Organics),
acetone (≥99.5%, LabSynth), and acetonitrile (≥99.5%,
LabSynth) were kept under Molecular sieves. Tetrahydrofuran (≥99.0%,
Vetec) was dried using metallic sodium and benzophenone under reflux
and argon flow; this was followed by distillation and storage in a
closed bottle with Molecular sieves.
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5

Sonochemical Synthesis of Dye-Functionalized Nanoparticles

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All chemicals used in this study were pure for analysis (producer: POCH—Polskie Odczynniki Chemiczne, Warsaw, Poland). For sonochemical syntheses, SnCl4∙5H2O and thioacetamide (TAA) were used as reagents, and Anthraquinone Violet (Figure 1a) and Phenol Red (Figure 1b) were used as modifying ligands. Ethanol was used as a solvent and for the purification of prepared suspensions. Tert-Butanol (99.5%, Acros Organics, Waltham, MA, USA) was used as a radicals scavenger.
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6

Photoinduced Degradation of Imidacloprid

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For all photoinduced degradation experiments imidacloprid (≥98.0%, Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) was used. imidacloprid was dissolved in ultrapure water (Berrytec, Grünwald, Germany) with a nal concentration of 20 mgL -1 . For radical scavenging experiments, tert-butanol (99.5%, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) was added to the solution to yield nal concentrations of 5% and 20%. As photocatalyst, 100 mg of TiO 2 P25 (Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) were suspended. Other solutions were prepared by adding 5 mg of humic acid (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, Massachusetts, USA).
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7

Tissue Clearing for Fluorescence Preservation

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Tissue clearing optimized to preserve expression of endogenous fluorophores as previously described by our laboratory (Foster et al., 2019 (link)) was pursued on selected sectioned Rainbow specimens. In brief, for dehydration, tert-butanol (FisherSci) was buffered to a pH 9.5 with triethylamine (FisherSci). Fixed tissue specimens were placed into increasing gradients of tert-butanol (33%, 66%, and 100%) at room temperature for 30 minutes each and then left in 100% tert-butanol overnight. tert-butanol and benzoic acid:benzyl benzoate (Sigma Aldrich) at a 1:2 ratio were buffered to pH 9.5 with triethylamine (FisherSci). Cleared sectioned tissue specimens were stored in BABB solution at 4°C.
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8

Chiral Ligand Functionalization of CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots

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0.92 M stock solutions of the chiral ligand salts (R/S)-4-X-PEABr in tert-butanol (Fisher Scientific, certified grade) were prepared in advance, and added to the 2 OD CsPbBr3 QD solutions prepared as detailed above such that the final concentration of ligand was 1.84 mM. In all but one case, oleylamine was also added to the solutions at 5% of the concentration of (R/S)-4-X-PEABr to help stabilize the 2 nm QD populations and prevent the growth of larger particles. The solutions were incubated at room temperature under argon in the dark for 2 h, then centrifuged at 7500 rpm at 10 °C for 15 min. The pellets were recovered and redispersed in anhydrous toluene, and the resulting solutions were used for optical measurements.
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9

Synthesis of Colloidal Perovskite Nanocrystals

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The synthesis procedure reported previously in our work was adapted from Kumar et al. (33 ). A round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer was loaded with 12.5 ml of toluene (99.8%, Fisher Chemical). To control the layer number n, variable amounts of oleic acid (90% technical grade, Sigma-Aldrich) and octylamine (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) (table S1) were added subsequently. The addition of 375 μl of MABr or FABr [0.533 M, in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF; >99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich) or EtOH] and 625 μl of lead bromide (PbBr2; 98+%, Acros Organics) (0.4 M in DMF) was followed by a spontaneous formation of precipitate. In some cases, 10 ml of tert-butanol (for analysis, Fisher Chemical) was added to ensure full precipitation. The solid was separated by means of centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 8 min and redissolved in 2.5 to 3 ml of fresh toluene, resulting in green- or blue-emitting colloidal solutions. All procedures were carried out under ambient conditions.
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10

Niclosamide Formulation Development

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Niclosamide was purchased from Shenzhen Nexconn Pharmatechs LTD. (Shenzhen, China). Tert-butanol (TBA), acetone, acetonitrile, leucine, polysorbate 20, trifluoracetic acid were acquired from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Pearlitol® PF-mannitol was purchased from Roquette America (Keokuk, IA, USA).
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