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6 protocols using anti 8 ohdg antibody

1

Kidney Oxidative Stress and Co-Localization

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After dewaxing, rehydration, and blocking with BSA, the kidney cortex sections were treated with anti-8-OHdG antibody (Santa Cruz company, sc-66036) overnight at 4 °C. Then, the Alexa Fluor 488–labeled secondary antibody (A-11001, Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used. For detection of co-localization of Tim-3 and LTL/DBA, the primary antibodies were anti-Tim-3 antibody (1:100, ab185703, Abcam), anti-LTL antibody (1:200, FL-1321-2, Vector Laboratories), and anti-DBA antibody (1:100, FL-1031, Vector Laboratories), the secondary antibody was IgG antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 594 dye (1:1000, A21207, Thermo Fisher Scientific). After DAPI staining of nuclei, the sections were photographed under a fluorescence microscope (Nikon A1R Storm).
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2

Measuring 8-OHdG for DNA Damage Assessment

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8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a DNA oxidation product that was measured to assess DNA damage. Paraffin-embedded tissue sectioned at a thickness of 2 μm was deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated in a graded ethanol series to phosphate-buffered saline. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-8-OHdG antibody (1:2500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) with a SuperSensitive polymer-horseradish peroxidase immunohistochemistry detection kit (BioGenex, San Ramon, CA, USA) as we described previously [27 (link)]. Identical staining without the primary antibody was used as a negative control.
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3

Histological Assessment of Renal Apoptosis

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Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded kidney tissues were sectioned at 4 μm and stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for histological examination. Apoptotic cells were detected using the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay using an in situ apoptosis detection kit (Roche Applied Science) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Immunohistochemical staining for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was performed using anti-8-OHdG antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). In the evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained sections, interstitial polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration was scored by a renal pathologist who was blinded to the experimental groups. PMN infiltration per high power (×200) field was graded semiquantitatively according to the following schema: 0, 0-1; 1, 2–10; 2, 11–20; 3, 21–40; 4, >40 or too many to count [14 (link)].
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Oxidative Stress

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Mice were euthanized by inhalation with CO2 and eyes were enucleated. After puncturing the cornea using a 18 gauge needle, the eyes were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 minutes at room temperature. The whole eye was then transferred to phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The cornea, lens and neural retina were removed to dissect out eyecups. For antibody staining, eyecups were then rinsed in PBS and pre-incubated in 10% normal goat serum for 1 hour. The eyecups were incubated overnight in rabbit polyclonal anti-8-OHdG antibody at 1:100 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). After washing four times with wash buffer (0.1% Triton X100 in PBS), the eye cups were incubated in Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin (Life Technologies) (1:500) and fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody at 1:500 (Life Technologies) for one hour. After rinsing in PBS, four radial cuts were made and the eyecups were flattened and mounted on glass slides in Vectashield mounting medium with 4,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Vectashield;Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The images were taken with a Keyence confocal microscope.
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5

Retinal Cell Death and Oxidative Stress

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Retina sections 4 μm thick were made. The sections were then deparaffinized, rehydrated, and treated. For the TUNEL staining, the sections were stained with an In Situ Cell Death Detection kit (Roche Biochemicals, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. For the immunohistochemical staining, the sections were incubated with an anti-8-OHdG antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, CA, USA) for 1 h at 37 °C. An Envision kit (DAKO, Carpinteria, CA, USA) detected the signal, which was visualized with aminoethylcarbazole. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was counted, and the immunohistochemical signal intensity was calculated using an ImageJ program (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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6

Histological and Oxidative Assessment of Placenta and Liver

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Placenta and liver tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at 4 °C overnight, dehydrated in a gradient of ethanol, hyalinized in xylene, and embedded in paraffin wax. Formalin-fixed tissues were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The slides were then scanned using a 3DHISTECH PANNORAMIC.SCAN slide scanner. Lipid accumulation in the liver was quantified using ImageJ software (Fiji version 1.8.0).
Oxidative stress of the tissue was measured using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a product of DNA oxidation. Briefly, after transferring to polylysine-coated slides, the tissue sections were stained with an anti-8-OHdG antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA for 60 min at room temperature and a secondary antibody for 30 min after rinsing. Avidin and biotinylated horseradish peroxidase H were used to visualize the staining.
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