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83 protocols using quanta 250 feg sem

1

Morphology and Composition Analysis of Nanostructured LFS Coatings

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The morphology of the nanostructured LFS-coating was imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Prior to imaging, the samples were sputter coated with a thin layer of gold to reduce surface charging. Cross-sectional images of the coating layer were recorded using a Zeiss Sigma 300 VP SEM and top-view images using a FEI Quanta 250 FEG SEM. To determine particle diameters of the colloidal probes, low-vacuum SEM (LV-SEM) images were recorded using the same FEI Quanta 250 FEG SEM operating under low vacuum (70 Pa). No surface coating was used in these cases.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed using an AXIS UltraDLD X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (Kratos Analytical) equipped with a monochromatic Al X-ray source. The analysis area was below 1 mm2, with most of the signal coming from an area of about 700 × 300 μm2. A wide spectrum was recorded to detect elements present in the surface layer. The relative surface compositions were obtained from detailed spectra recorded for each element and quantified using atomic sensitivity factors supplied by Kratos. A high-resolution carbon C1s spectrum was curve-fitted to identify different functional groups from the chemical shifts in the carbon signal.
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2

Comprehensive Structural Analysis of Prepared Materials

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The structures of the prepared materials were examined using a transmission electron microscope HRTEM (JEOL JEM 2100, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan), and morphologies were checked using the scanning electron microscope SEM (FEI-Quanta FEG-250 SEM, Basel, Switzerland). The phase identification and crystallinity were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (PANalytical Empyrean, Eindhoven, Netherlands) with CuKa radiation (wavelength 1.54045 Å), accelerating voltage of 40 KV and a current of 35 mA. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to obtain information about the intercalation of LDH using Vertex 70 (Bruker, Berlin, Germany). Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman) of the as-prepared composites was obtained with Bruker Senterra Raman Microscope (Bruker Optics Inc., Germany). The BET surface area and pore size distribution were determined using a surface area analyzer (TriStar II 3020, Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA).
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3

Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles

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The crystalline phase of
TiO2 was confirmed and determined with X-ray diffraction
using an APEX II ultra-diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation at
λ = 1.54056 Å. To determine the primary TiO2 particle size, an aqueous suspension of 0.05 g/L was sonicated with
a probe sonicator for 60 s with 15 s rest over 30 min in a room temperature
water bath. Afterward, a 15 μL aliquot was drop-cast onto a
formvar/carbon-coated 100 mesh copper grid and dried. The copper grid
was imaged using an 80 kV JEOL-1400 Plus transmission electron microscope.
Particle sizes were analyzed using ImageJ software for more than 100
particles. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for particle
film morphology, 2.5 mg of the particles was sonicated in 700 μL
of water for 30 s. Then, fourteen 5 mm x 5 mm silicon wafers were
laid on the ATR crystal, and the colloidal suspension was pipetted
into the trough. The solution was dried, and a wafer was imaged using
a FEI Quanta FEG 250 SEM at 10 kV.
The specific surface area
was determined using a Quantachrome Nova 4200e N2 adsorption
isotherm under liquid nitrogen. Samples were first degassed at 120
°C for 18 h, and a 15-multipoint isotherm was collected between
P/P0 of 0.05–0.95.
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4

SEM Characterization of Samples

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SEM characterizations
on the samples were carried out with a FEI Quanta FEG-250 SEM after
optical measurements. An acceleration voltage of 2 or 5 kV was applied
during the measurements to reduce charging on the sample surface.
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5

SEM Examination of Gluten Fermentation

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The structure of WBDF-gluten fermentation samples was examined by SEM. All samples were sputtered for gold plating in a sputtering coater and transferred to a Quanta FEG-250 SEM (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) for examination at an accelerated voltage of 20 kV.
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6

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Rice Noodles

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The samples were then freeze-dried at −38 °C, 10 Pa, for 24 h and put on a circular specimen stub and attached. The surface was sprayed with gold, and the samples were observed using a Quanta FEG 250 SEM (FEI Co., Hillsboro, OR, USA). The external microstructure of flat rice noodles was observed 2000 times. The detector was ETD. All images were obtained at the accelerating voltage of 15 kV.
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7

Multimodal Imaging of Porous Transport Layers

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Porous transport layer (PTL) surface morphology was imaged by an FEI Quanta FEG 250 SEM, Figure S2 in the Supporting Information. Ex situ XCT was conducted at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Beamline 8.3.2) with a PCO.Edge CCD camera, an LuAG scintillator, and 20x optical lenses. The resulting images had a resolution of 0.323 µm voxel−1 and a horizontal field of view of 1.8 mm. The samples were prepared for tomography imaging by cutting the PTLs into ≈3 mm triangular sections each having an ≈45° tip and 5 mm base for mounting on the pins which were mounted on the beamline rotating stage. A multilayer monochromator was used to select the X‐ray energy at 20 keV. 300 ms exposure time was used. Operando XCT and radiography imaging were conducted at Beamline 2‐BM at Advanced Photon Source (APS). A multilayer monochromator was used to select 27 keV energy. The optics used were Optique 2X lens, 20 um LuAGb scintillator, resulting in 1.73 um voxel−1 resolution. 20 ms exposure time was used for XCT data acquisition. Radiography imaging was used to capture oxygen transport in the channels. The data were collected with the cell in‐plane and through‐plane configuration, using 5 ms exposure time for a total time of 2 min per each operating condition.
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8

Electrochemical and Imaging Techniques

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702 titroprocessor (Metrohm, Switzerland) was used for potentiometric and pH-measurements. FESEM images were taken by (FEI- Quanta feg-250 SEM, Switzerland) for the sensor paste. HRTEM images were recorded by (Jeol 2100 HRTEM, Japan). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies were performed using potentiostat (Autolab PGSTAT 302 N, Netherlands).
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9

Powder Morphology Analysis by SEM

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The powder morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In order to assess the structural and morphological characteristics, each powder was placed on a sample holder and fixed with double-sided tape. Then, it was sputter-coated with gold and observed in a Quanta FEG 250 SEM (FEI, United States of America).
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10

Bacterial Biofilm Visualization Protocol

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The bacterial cultures were grown in 5 mL TSB at 37 °C overnight and then were diluted 1:100 with TSB in 24-well plates (Beyotime, China). After incubation at 37 °C for 24 h without shaking, the catheter fragments were washed for 5 min with PBS three times. The strains were then fixed for 20 min with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma), followed by a secondary immobilization with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Sigma). After overnight incubation, samples were washed three times with phosphate buffers and dehydrated in 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 100% ethanol (Sigma) for at least 10 min each. Eventually, the samples were dried, ion-sputter gilded, and then captured using an FEI Quanta FEG 250 SEM with a magnification of x5000 and x20000 times [34] (link).
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