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8 protocols using cddo im

1

Partial Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model

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The model of partial hepatic I/R injury was used in our previous study.22 (link) In brief, an atraumatic clip was used to interrupt the arterial and portal venous blood supply to the cephalad lobes of the liver for 90 min. Sham controls underwent the same procedure, but without vascular occlusion. CDDO-Im (2 mg/kg) (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK) was administered intraperitoneally 3 h before onset of liver ischemia, whereas chloroquine (CQ, 60 mg/kg) or 3-Methyladenine (30 mg/kg) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was administered intraperitoneally 1 h before the operation of liver ischemia. Tin Protoporphyrin IX dichlorid (SnPP) (50 mg/kg, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA) was administered intraperitoneally 1 h before injection of CDDO-Im or DMSO. In vehicle-treated mice, a volume of 0.5% DMSO or saline solution equal to that of treatment was administered in the same manner.
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2

Oral CDDO-Im Administration in Mice

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CDDO-Im (Tocris Bioscience, #47–371-0) was dissolved in vehicle (10% dimethyl sulfoxide, 10% Kolliphor-EL [Sigma, C5135] in PBS) and administered at 30 μmol/kg body weight orally to mice on alternate days (Nezu et al., 2017 (link)). Vehicle was administered to control group. Mice were euthanized at indicated time points in the scheme and figure legend.
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3

Modulation of Th17 Cell Differentiation

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Naïve CD4+ (CD4+CD62L+) cells from WT, Nrf2−/−, Ahrfl/fl and AhrCD4 mice were isolated from spleens and lymph nodes using EasySep Mouse Naïve CD4+ T cell Isolation Kit (STEMCELL Technologies, cat#:19765), and polarized in culture medium (IMDM+10% FBS+100 U/mL penicillin+100 μg/mL streptomycin) with CellXVivo Mouse Th17 Cell Differentiation Kit (R&D system, cat#: CDK017) in presence of CDDO-Im (Tocris Bioscience), TEMPOL (Sigma Aldrich), CH-223191 (STEMCELL Technologies) or vehicle control (DMSO). Cell culture medium was harvested on day 1 or day 4 for ELISA.
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4

Modulating Nrf2, Keap1, and Bach1 in Cell Lines

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siRNA-mediated knockdown was performed with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX reagent with 100nM Dharmacon siGENOME SMARTpool siRNA targeting mouse Nrf2 (M-040766-01-0005), Keap1 (M-041104-01-0005) or Bach1 (M-042956-01-0005) in antibiotic-free media for 24 hours (Nrf2) or 48 hours (Keap1 and Bach1). L929 cells were treated with 0.1mg/ml or 1mg/ml FeDx with or without 500µM mitoTEMPO, 2µM or 10µM hemin. C2C12, MEF and mouse primary LSECs were treated with 200µg/ml ferric ammonium citrate, FAC (Sigma). LSECs were treated with 100nM CDDO-Im (Tocris Bioscience). Cells were harvested for Western blot and/or qRT-PCR analysis. MitoPQ was synthesised as described29 (link) and used at 100uM; the mitochondria targeted MitoPQ control compound was also used at 100uM and has been described31 (link), and its full synthesis will be published separately. LSEC cell line (TMNK-1) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100U/ml penicillin, 0.1mg/ml streptomycin, 2mM L-glutamine (Sigma Aldrich) and non essentional amino acids NEAA (Invitrogen); cells were passaged twice a week using trypsin EDTA (Sigma). LSECs were plated at 0.1×10e6/well in 100 uL of culture Medium in 96 well flat bottom plate +/− CDDO-Im or +/− FAC as indicated.
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5

Modulation of Nrf2 Pathway in Pristane-Induced DAH

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The synthetic oleanane triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im) (Tocris) modifies Cys151 of Keap1 and potently inhibits binding of Cul3 to Keap1, stabilizing Nrf2 (19 (link), 20 (link)). The methyl ester (CDDO-Me, Bardoloxone methyl) also was tested. B6 mice were treated with pristane and received either CDDO-Im (2.5 mg/kg in DMSO-PBS i.p. every other day), CDDO-Me (2.5 mg/kg body weight in DMSO-PBS, i.p. daily), or vehicle. PEC were assessed at 14-d by flow cytometry and qPCR. Expression of IFN-I regulated proteins (CD169, PDCA-1, Ly6C, IRF7) was evaluated by flow cytometry. Expression of IFN-I stimulated genes (ISGs) Mx1, Isg15, and Irf7 was measured by qPCR. DAH was assessed at 14-d.
Brusatol (11β,12α,15β)-13,20-Epoxy-3,11,12-trihydroxy-15-[(3-methyl-1-oxo-2-buten-1-yl)oxy]-2,16-dioxo-picras-3-en-21-oic acid methyl ester) is a plant-derived quassinoid that inhibits ARE-driven gene expression by promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2 (21 (link)). B6 mice were treated with pristane and received either brusatol (Sigma, 2.0 mg/kg in DMSO-PBS, i.p. every other day) or vehicle. PEC were assessed at 9-d by flow cytometry. DAH was assessed at 9-d.
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6

Oral CDDO-Im Administration in Mice

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CDDO-Im (Tocris Bioscience, #47–371-0) was dissolved in vehicle (10% dimethyl sulfoxide, 10% Kolliphor-EL [Sigma, C5135] in PBS) and administered at 30 μmol/kg body weight orally to mice on alternate days (Nezu et al., 2017 (link)). Vehicle was administered to control group. Mice were euthanized at indicated time points in the scheme and figure legend.
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7

Reagents and Chemicals Used in Research

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CDDO-Me was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON). CDDO-Im was purchased from Tocris (Bristol, United Kingdom). Bovine serum albumin, Tween-20, flavin adenine dinucleotide, 3,3′-methylene-bis (dicoumarol), D-glucose 6-phosphate sodium salt, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and ConA were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione) and digitonin were purchased from Acros (Antwerp, Belgium), 15Δ-PGJ2 from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI), and CdCl2 from Thomas Scientific (Swedesboro, NJ). Tris, NADP, and EDTA were purchased from BioRad (Hercules, CA), Roche (Indianapolis, IN), and Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA), respectively.
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8

Osteoclastogenesis Signaling Pathway Regulation

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Human RANKL was obtained from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Antibodies (1:1000) used for immunoblotting are as follows: NFATc1 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA; 7A6); c-Myc and Lamin B (Abcam; ab32072 and ab16048); a-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich; T9026); Phospho-c-Myc, NRF2, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, IκBα, p-JNK and p-p38 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA; 13748, 12721, 9102, 9101, 9242, 9251, and 9215). CDDO-Im, U0126, SP600125, Ly294002, and SB203580 were purchased from Tocris (Minneapolis, MN, USA; 4737, 1144, 1496, 1130, and 1202). N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and actinomycin D were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (A9165 and A1410).
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