The fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) reference standard mixture 37 (standard 47885-U) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), as also were sugar standards, organic acids, and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). Tocol and tocopherol standards were purchased from Matreya (Pleasant Gap, PA, USA).
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was obtained from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). p-iodonitrotetrazolic chloride (INT) dye was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used as an indicator of microbial growth. Water was treated in a Milli-Q water purification system (TGI Pure Water Systems, Greenville, CA, USA).