Snail

Azoxymethane (AOM) (Cat# A5486) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc., USA. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, Cat#160110) was obtained from MP Inc., USA. Human recombinant Decorin (Cat# 10189-H08H) was purchased from Sino Biological Inc., China and reconstituted in PBS according to manufacturer’s instruction and used at final concentrations of 0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ng/ml. Celecoxib (Cat# S1261) was purchased from Selleckchemo (Houston, TX, USA). For in vitro analysis, Celecoxib was dissolved in 0.1% DMSO to make a 100 mM stock solution and was then diluted with culture medium at final concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μM before treatment. For in vivo analysis, Celecoxib was dissolved in mixture solution contain 0.8 % DMSO, 12 % PEG 300 and 2% Tween 80 to make 20 mg/kg stock solutions. The concentration of DMSO was less than 0.1% of drug treatment. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was from Sigma–Aldrich, Inc., Ronkonkoma, NY. Primary antibodies used include E-cadherin (CST, Cat#3195), N-cadherin (CST, Cat#14215), vimentin (Abcam, Cat#ab92547), α-SMA (Abcam, Cat#ab5694), Snail (Sangon Biotech, Cat#D221239), Slug (Sangon Biotech, Cat#D 121235), MMP2 (Sangon Biotech, Cat#), Twist (Abcam, Cat#ab50887) and β-actin (Sangon Biotech, Cat#AB10024).