To prepare a suspension for use in animal experiments, ZnO NPs were dispersed in normal saline (NS) containing 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) [12 (link)] at a concentration of 40 mg/ml. HPMC was used as a suspending agent to ensure that the NPs were uniformly dispersed and to increase operability. The suspension was ultrasonically dispersed in an ice bath for 30 min before each use.
To prepare a stock solution for the cell experiments, ZnO NPs were dispersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a concentration of 2 mg/ml and autoclaved. The working solution was the stock solution diluted with melanocyte medium and was ultrasonically dispersed in an ice bath for 15 min before each use [12 (link)].