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10 protocols using clone m a251

1

Activation of Memory CD4+ T Cells

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T cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2 mM
glutamine, 1% (v/v) nonessential amino acids, 1% (v/v) sodium pyruvate,
penicillin (50 U/ml), streptomycin (50 μg/ml) (all from Invitrogen) and
5% heat-inactivated human serum (Swiss Red Cross). Sorted memory CD4+T cells were labelled with 5-(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl
ester (CFSE, ThermoFisher) and cultured at a ratio of 2:1 with irradiated
autologous monocytes untreated or pre-pulsed for 2-3 h with a peptide pool
(15mers overlapping of 10) covering the entire sequence of the variable region
of the NZM heavy and light chains (NZM peptide pool, 3 μM per peptide,
produced by A&A Labs). After 12 days, cells were stained with antibodies
to CD25–PE (BD Biosciences, clone M-A251, cat. no. 555432) and
ICOS–Pacific Blue (Biolegend, clone C398.4A, cat. no. 313522).
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2

Intracellular Cytokine and Treg Profiling

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After stimulation, cells were fixed and permeabilized with Cytofix/Cytoperm (BD Biosciences) then immunophenotyped for intracellular IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A expression using the human TH1/TH2/TH17 phenotyping kit (BD Pharmingen) following the manufacturer’s protocol. For Treg analysis, naïve PBMCs were stained with anti-human FITC CD4 (0.6 μg/ml, clone SK3; BD Biosciences) and anti-human APC-Cy7 CD25 (2.5 μg/ml, clone M-A251; BD Biosciences) for 10 min at 4°C in the dark. After incubation, cells were fixed and permeabilized and then stained with anti-human APC FoxP3 (1:11, clone 3G3; Miltenyi Biotec) for 30 min at 4°C in the dark. Appropriate isotype controls were included for each sample.
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3

Immune Phenotyping of T Cells and Dendritic Cells in Kawasaki Disease

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Given the role of T cells and myeloid dendritic cells (DC) in the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways in KD, we focused on immune phenotyping these cell populations. Myeloid DC populations were characterized and enumerated by flow cytometry using the following monoclonal antibodies (mAb) : anti-human CD11c-APC, mouse IgG1κ, clone B-ly6, anti-human CD11b-APC-Cyanin 7 (Cy7), mouse IgG1κ, clone ICRF44, anti-human CD14-phycoerythrin (PE) Cy7, mouse IgG2aκ, clone M5E2, anti-human CD86-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), mouse IgG1κ, clone 2331 (FuN-1) (eBioscience).
T cell populations were characterized and enumerated by flow cytometry using the following mAb: CD25 BV421, mouse IgG1 k, clone M-A251 (BD Bioscience), anti-human CD4-percp-Cy5.5, mouse IgG1k, clone RPA-T4, anti-human CD8, Alexa Fluor 700, clone RPA-T8, mouse IgG1k, anti-human CD45RA APC, mouse IgG2b k, clone HI100, anti-human CD127 FITC, mouse IgG1 k, clone eBioRDR5, anti-human HLA-DR APC-H7 clone G46-6, mouse IgG2a k (eBioscience). Data were acquired with FACS ARIA II and analyzed using FACSDiva (BS Biosciences, San Jose, CA).
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4

Multiparametric Flow Cytometry of PBMCs

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Freshly-isolated PBMCs (5×105 cells) were surface stained with the viability dye, Aqua Amine Reactive Dye (Invitrogen), as well as monoclonal antibodies directed against CD3 (Clone SP 34-2, BD Biosciences), CD4 (NIH-Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource Program), CD8 (Clone 3B5, Invitrogen), CD25 (Clone M-A251, BD Biosciences or Clone 4E3, Miltenyi), CD95 (Clone DX2, BD Biosciences) or CD45RA (Clone 2H4, Beckman Coulter), CD27 (Clone M-T271, BD Biosciences) or CD28 (Clone CD28.2, BD Biosciences), and CD127 (Clone hIL-7R-M21, BD Biosciences) for 20 minutes at room temperature, fixed and then permeabilized with Affymetrix FoxP3 Fix/Perm Buffers (Affymetrix) per the manufacturer’s instructions. Permeabilized cells were then stained intracellularly for Ki-67 (Clone B56, BD Biosciences) and FoxP3 (Clone PCH101, Affymetrix) for 30 minutes at 4°C, washed in PBS-2% FBS and analyzed by flow cytometry. A minimum of 150,000 events was acquired on a BD LSRII flow cytometer (BD Biosciences) and analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc.).
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5

Comprehensive T-cell Suppression Assay

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For the suppression assay, the following antibodies were used: CD3 (Pacific Blue, clone UCHT1, BioLegend), CD8 (PE, clone RPA-T8,BDPharmingen) and CD69 (APC, clone FN50, BioLegend). The percent infection was assessed by quantifying GFP expression using the following formula:
[1(%GFP+CD4+TcellsculturedwithCD8+Tcells)/(%GFP+CD4+Tcellswithouteffectors)x100%].
The following markers were used to assess cell death, immune activation, and exhaustion: CD3 (PE, clone UCHT1, BD Pharmingen), CD8 (APC-H7, clone SK1, BD Biosciences), CD69 (APC, clone FN50, BioLegend), 7AAD (Read in PerCP/Cy5.5, BD Pharmingen), Annexin V (Read in V450, BD Biosciences) and PD1 (PerCP/Cy5.5, clone EH12.2H7, BioLegend)CD25 (FITC, clone M-A251, BD Pharmingen), HLA-DR (PE, clone L243, Biolegend) and Ki67 (APC, clone Ki67, Biolegend). Proliferation was assessed using the CellTrace cell proliferation kit from Invitrogen, and read in the FITC channel.
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6

Multiparameter Analysis of T Cell Subsets

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For Tregs and effector-like T cells analysis, stimulated PBMCs were stained with CD4-FITC (0.6 μg/ml, clone SK3, BD Biosciences) and CD25-APC-Cy7 (2.5 μg/ml, clone M-A251, BD Biosciences) for 10 min at 4 °C in the dark. After incubation, cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with FoxP3-APC (clone 3G3, Miltenyi Biotec) and with either Tbet-PE (clone REA102, Miltenyi Biotec) or GATA-3-PE (clone REA174, Miltenyi Biotec) or RORγt-PE (clone REA278, Miltenyi Biotec) for 30 min at 4 °C in the dark. Appropriate isotype controls were included for each sample.
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7

Activation of Memory CD4+ T Cells

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T cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2 mM
glutamine, 1% (v/v) nonessential amino acids, 1% (v/v) sodium pyruvate,
penicillin (50 U/ml), streptomycin (50 μg/ml) (all from Invitrogen) and
5% heat-inactivated human serum (Swiss Red Cross). Sorted memory CD4+T cells were labelled with 5-(and 6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl
ester (CFSE, ThermoFisher) and cultured at a ratio of 2:1 with irradiated
autologous monocytes untreated or pre-pulsed for 2-3 h with a peptide pool
(15mers overlapping of 10) covering the entire sequence of the variable region
of the NZM heavy and light chains (NZM peptide pool, 3 μM per peptide,
produced by A&A Labs). After 12 days, cells were stained with antibodies
to CD25–PE (BD Biosciences, clone M-A251, cat. no. 555432) and
ICOS–Pacific Blue (Biolegend, clone C398.4A, cat. no. 313522).
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8

Phenotypic Analysis of Human PBMCs

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were prepared by density gradient centrifugation method using Human Lymphocyte Separation Medium (Solarbio Life Science, Beijing, China; Catalog# P8610), and were kept in liquid nitrogen until use. The freezing medium for PBMCs was 90% fetal bovine serum supplemented with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide in a concentration of 108 cells per vial. PBMCs were stained with allophycocyanin (APC) Mouse Anti-Human CD3 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA; Clone SP34-2; Catalog# 557597), peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex (PerCP) Mouse Anti-Human CD4 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA; Clone L200; Catalog# 550631), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) Mouse Anti-Human CD25 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA; Clone M-A251; Catalog# 555431), and phycoerythrin (PE) Mouse Anti-Human CD127 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA; Clone HIL-7R-M21; Catalog# 560822) for 30 minutes in the dark. Cells were analyzed by BD FACS Calibur Flow Cytometer (BD Bioscience, San Jose, CA, USA).
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9

Flow Cytometric Analyses of Leukocyte Surface Markers

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Surface markers of whole-blood leukocytes were determined by standard flow cytometric analyses using FACS Calibur and Cellquest software (BD).1 Leukocytes were gated into lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes by forward- and side-scatter analysis. Percent-positive cells were quantified via direct immunofluorescence staining using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibodies with phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated antibodies. After binding of fluorescently labeled antibodies, expression densities of individual antigens were recorded. The expression density of the relevant antigens was calculated as the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) according to the equation:
Subsequent monoclonal antibodies were determined separately on monocytes: antibodies directed against HLA-DR (clone L243, BD), CD83 (clone HB15a, Beckman Coulter), and CD123 (clone 9F5, BD). Lymphocytes were evaluated using antibodies directed against CD25 (clone M-A251, BD Biosciences) on its own and together with CD4 (cloneRPA-T4, BD Biosciences), CD2 (clone 39C1.5, Beckman Coulter) either together with CD80 (clone L307.4, Immunotech) or CD86 (clone B-T7; Diaclone). A mouse FITC-IgG1 antibody (clone X40) in conjunction with PE-conjugated IgG2a (clone X39, both from BD Biosciences) served as the isotype controls.
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10

Quantification of Immune Cell Subsets

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Quantitation of CD4, CD8, and T regs was performed on 100 μL of whole blood as described before [46] using monoclonal antibodies toward CD4 (clone SK3), CD8 (clone RPA-T8), CD25 (clone M-A251, all from BD), and CD127 (clone eBioRDR5; eBiosciences). NK cells were identified using antibodies toward CD3 (clone SK7), CD16 (clone 3G8, all BD), and CD56 (clone N901, Beckman Coulter). Samples were incubated for 20 min. Thereafter, cells were treated with lysing solution (BD). Finally, cells were washed with FACS-buffer (PBS, 5% filtered fetal calf serum, 0.5% BSA, 0.07% NaN3), and analyzed using flow cytometry (FACS-Canto-II) and FACS-Diva-V6.1.3-software (BD). CD4 and CD8 T cells were quantified among lymphocytes, and T regs were quantified as CD127 low CD4 T cells expressing CD25. NK cells were quantified as CD3 negative/CD56 positive lymphocytes with CD16 positive/negative and CD56 bright/dim subsets. Gating strategies for the identification of cellular subpopulations are provided in Supporting information Fig. S2. Absolute lymphocyte numbers were calculated based on differential blood counts.
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