Male c57bl 6j mice

Male C57BL/6J mice (7 weeks old) were purchased from Beijing Huafukang Bioscience Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China) All experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the institute, and performed according to the institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. The protocols were approved by the Ethical Committee of Tea Research Institute. The mice were individually housed at 23 ± 2°C and 60 ± 15% humidity on a 12-h light/dark cycle, with free access to deionized water and basic feed. After a week of adaptation, the mice were randomly divided into the following six groups (n = 8 each): control (basic diet), model (HFD), positive control (HFD + 10 mg/kg/day atorvastatin), JXGT 2005 (HFD + 1000 mg/kg/day JXGT 2005), JXGT 2008 (HFD + 1000 mg/kg/day JXGT 2008), and JXGT 2016 (HFD + 1000 mg/kg/day JXGT 2016). The mice were given intragastric administration once a day for 7 weeks. The normal diet consisted of 18% proteins, 4% fats, 62% carbohydrates, 5% fiber, 8% minerals, and 3% vitamins for the control group. The calorific contribution of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the HFD were 45, 20, and 35% respectively for HFD-induced groups. Both feeds were prepared by the Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center. Each group was provided with distilled water, and the body weight, food and water intake were recorded once a week.

Male C57BL/6 J mice (8–12 weeks, 20 ± 2 g) were purchased from Beijing HFK Bioscience Co., Ltd. and were maintained in the breeding cages of the experimental animal room at 20–22 °C with 55–60% humidity and a light/dark cycle; water and food were available ad libitum during the experimental period. All mice were acclimatized to the experimental environment for 7 days. All animal experimental procedures were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital (Approval NO. EC Review 2022-010).

Male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were purchased from Beijing HFK Bioscience Co. Ltd. (HFK, Beijing, China). All animals were housed at a temperature of 22 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 50% ± 10% with food and water ad libitum, and a 12 h light-dark cycle was maintained. Two or three animals were housed in each cage to ensure social behavior and equal access to food. After one-week acclimation, all mice were randomly divided into three groups of 9 mice each: a control group (CON), a model group (MOD), a taurine group (TAU). The TAU group was given 700 mg/kg/day of taurine by intragastrical administration for 14 weeks, and the other groups were given the same amount of distilled water. The CON group was fed with a standard diet (10% kcal from fat, 70% kcal from carbohydrate, 20% kcal from protein; 1,022; HFK, Beijing, China); the MOD group and TAU group were fed with a high-fat diet (41% kcal from fat, 43% kcal from carbohydrate, 16% kcal from protein; H10141; HFK, Beijing, China).
This research protocol was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of the Functional Test Center for Health Food, College of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Union University (20220301). Animal welfare and experimental procedures were strictly performed in accordance with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Male C57BL/6J mice were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) within 24 h of birth. All animal studies (including the mice euthanasia procedure) were carried out in compliance with the regulations and guidelines of Chengde Medical University institutional animal care and conducted according to the Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC) and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines.

Male C57BL/6J mice weighing around 20 g and aged about 8 weeks were purchased from the Beijing HFK Bioscience Co. Ltd. They were well-nourished and had no history of diseases. All animal care and operations in the experiment followed the regulations of Peking University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and were approved by Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, No. 2021D011.