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8 protocols using sr bi

1

Lipid Metabolism Regulation Protocol

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Cardiotonic pills (Batch no. 150203) and proUK (Batch no. 20170501) were supplied by Tasly Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). The processing of the product followed a strict quality control, and the ingredients were subjected to standardization.
Antibodies recognizing ATGL and GAPDH were from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, United States). Antibodies against CD36, SR-A, SR-BI, PPARα, ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG5, andABCG8 were from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, United States). Oil Red O was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). All other reagents used in our study were of analytical grade.
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2

Molecular Mechanisms of Lipid Metabolism

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Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and phosphoric acid transaminase (ALP) kits were all purchased from Medical System Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Ningbo, Zhejiang, China). Hematoxylin, Eosin, Masson, and Oil Red O were all purchased from Nanjing Jiangcheng Technology Co., Ltd. (JiangSu, China). Antibodies against toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP2), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1), cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxy-lase (CYP7A1), Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- Coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), ATP-binding cassette G8 (ABCG8), ATP-binding cassette G5 (ABCG5), and GAPDH were all purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Antibodies against scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) were from Abcam (Cambridge, USA). HRP conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (PV-6001) and HRP conjugated goat anti-mouse/rabbit IgG (PV-6000) were from Zhongshan Goldenbridge Biotechnology Co. (Beijing, China).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of SR-BI

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Proteins from the DLNs were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Equal amounts of protein were separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred onto membranes. Membranes were incubated with SR-BI (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) or GAPDH (Abcam) antibodies after blocking, and incubated with secondary antibody after washing. Blots were examined using enhanced chemiluminescence kit (Millipore) with a molecular imaging system (Bio-Rad). Grayscale values were determined using ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA) and normalized to GAPDH levels.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Liver and Aorta Proteins

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Liver or aorta tissues were lysed in sample buffer containing 62 mM Tris–HCl, pH 6.8, 0.1% SDS, 0.1 mM sodium orthovanadate, and 50 mM sodium fluoride. The protein content was determined by the BCA protein assay (Applygen Technologies Inc., Beijing, China). Equal amount of proteins was loaded and separated by SDS-PAGE. After electrophoresis, the proteins were transferred on membranes, after being blocked with 3% non-fat dry milk, the membrane with target proteins was recognized with primary antibodies against CD36, SR-A, SR-BI, PPARα, ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG5, ABCG8, and GAPDH (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, United States). The bands were detected using an ECL detection kit (Applygen Technologies, Beijing, China). For quantification, band intensity was assessed by densitometry and expressed as mean area density using Quantity One image analyzer software (Bio-Rad, Richmond, CA, United States).
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5

Placental Desmin and SR-BI Immunolabeling

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Placental tissue sections were immune-labelled against Desmin (Dako, 2.5 µg/mL, mouse anti-human, monoclonal) for 30 min at room temperature. After washing in PBS, the slides were incubated with CyTM3 (Jackson Immunoresearch, Dianova, Hamburg, Germany, 14 µg/mL, goat-anti-mouse polyclonal) for 30 min, washed again in PBS and exposed to SR-BI (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, 10 µg/mL, rabbit anti-human, polyclonal). Subsequent washing was followed by incubation with CyTM2 (Jackson Immunoresearch, 15 µg/mL, donkey-anti-rabbit, polyclonal) for 30 min. The slides were washed again in PBS, mounted in Mowiol (Hoechst, Frankfurt, Germany), and examined using a Zeiss Axiophot microscope (Oberkochen, Germany).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Macrophage Proteins

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Liver and peritoneal macrophages were lysed in RIPA buffer containing a cocktail of protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Roche). Protein concentrations of all samples were measured using the BCA Protein Assay (MACGENE, China), and equal amounts of protein from each sample were separated by SDS-PAGE on 10% gels and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore). After blocking in TBST containing 5% BSA, membranes were incubated with primary antibodies targeting ABCA1 (1:1,000; Abcam), ABCG1 (1:1,000; Abcam), SR-BI (1:2,000; Abcam), LCAT (1:1,000; Abcam), liver X receptor (LXR)-α (1:500; Abcam), AMPK (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), p-AMPK (1:1,000; Cell Signaling Technology), or β-actin (1:10,000; Abcam) at 4°C overnight. Membranes were subsequently incubated with HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse or goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies (ZSGB-BIO, China). The protein bands were visualized and quantified using a chemiluminescence method (ECL Plus Western blotting detection system; GE Healthcare UK Ltd.).
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7

Murine and Human IL-10 Signaling Dynamics

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Recombinant murine IL-10 and recombinant human IL-10 were purchased from Peprotech (Preprotech, Inc., Rocky Hill, NJ). Amiloride, latrunculin A, FITC-dextran (70 KDa), LY and LY294002 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Alexa Fluor™ 568, Alexa Fluor™ 350 Phalloidin and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) - Alexa Fluor™ 680 were purchased from Molecular Probes (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). Antibodies were purchased from Genetex (Genetex, Irvine, CA) (anti-mouse cofilin, p-cofilin and beta-actin) or Abcam (Cambridge, MA) (anti-human/mouse CD36, SR-BI, and LRP1). Primer kits for RT-PCR were purchased from Thermo Fisher (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA).
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8

Cholesterol-lowering Compounds Evaluation

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COS (pharmaceutical grade) with a molecular weight not more than 1000 Dal was purchased from Shanghai u-sea Biotech Co., Ltd. 10) . Cholesterol was obtained from Shanghai Lanji Science and Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). The HF diet was prepared as reported previously 10) . Assay kits for total cholesterol (TC), TG, and HDL-C were from Biosino Bio-technology and Science Inc. (Beijing, China). Primary antibodies against LDL-R, scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG5, ABCG8, Niemann-Pick C1-Like1 (NPC1L1), MYLIP (IDOL), α unit of liver X receptor (LXRα), and tubulin were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Primary antibody of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP) 1 and 2 were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, DX, USA). Primary antibody of MOMA-2 was purchased from Serotec (Langford Lane, Kidlington, UK). Primary antibody of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA).
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