Uridine 5 diphosphoglucuronic acid udpga

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) is a chemical compound that serves as a coenzyme in the glucuronidation process. Glucuronidation is a major metabolic pathway in the body, where UDPGA acts as a co-substrate for enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of various substances with glucuronic acid.

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Lab products found in correlation

7 hydroxycoumarin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Alamethicin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Ugt1a8, by BD (3 mentions) Ugt1a10, by BD (3 mentions) Ugt1a7, by BD (3 mentions) Human recombinant uridine 5 diphospho glucuronosyltransferases ugt 2b7 supersomes, by BD (2 mentions) Adenosine 3 phosphate 5 phosphosulfate paps, by Merck Group (2 mentions) S 5 adenosyl l methionine adomet chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Dithiothreitol (dtt), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ugt1a9, by BD (2 mentions) Ugt1a3, by BD (2 mentions) Ugt1a6, by BD (2 mentions) Ugt2b7, by BD (2 mentions) Ugt2b15, by BD (2 mentions) Phenanthrene 9 10 quinone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Phenanthrene, by Merck Group (1 mentions) D saccharic 1, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 4 lactone monohydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) β estradiol 3 o glucuronide, by LGC (1 mentions) Propofol o glucuronide, by LGC (1 mentions)

10 protocols using uridine 5 diphosphoglucuronic acid udpga

Enzymatic Metabolism of Phenanthrene

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Cell culture
medium and reagents
were all obtained from Invitrogen Co. (Carlsbad, CA) except for fetal
bovine serum (FBS), which was purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT).
Human recombinant uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases
(UGT) 2B7 Supersomes (microsomes from baculovirus-infected insect
cells expressing UGTs) were obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose,
CA). Human recombinant sulfotransferases (SULT) 1A1 and human recombinant
catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were expressed
and purified according to published methods.^{21 (link),22 (link)} Phenanthrene, Phenanthrene-9,10-quinone, dithiothreitol, uridine-5′-diphosphoglucuronic
acid (UDPGA), adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulfate
(PAPS), and S-(5′-adenosyl)-l-methionine
(AdoMet) chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis,
MO). All other chemicals used were of the highest grade available,
and all solvents were HPLC grade.

Huang M., Zhang L., Mesaros C., Zhang S., Blaha M.A., Blair I.A, & Penning T.M. (2014). Metabolism of a Representative Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Phenanthrene-9,10-quinone in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 27(5), 852-863.

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In Vitro Metabolism Evaluation

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Bavachinin (purity over 98.0%) was purchased from Shanghai Winherb Medical Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), alamethicin, d-saccharic-1, 4-lactone monohydrate, uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bupropion, β-estradiol, chlorzoxazone, hydroxy-bupropion, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, 4-hydroxytolbutamide, mephenytoin, 6α-hydroxy-paclitaxel, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, nifedipine, oxidized nifedipine, paclitaxel, paracetamol, phenacetin, propofol, tolbutamide, and zidovudine were obtained from Aladdin Chemicals (Shanghai, China). β-Estradiol-3-O-glucuronide, propofol-O-glucuronide and zidovudine-N-glucuronide were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada).
Pooled human liver microsomes (HLM, 50 donors), pooled human intestine microsomes (HIM, 20 donors), rats' liver microsomes (RLM), mice liver microsomes (MLM), dog's liver microsomes (DLM), mini-pig liver microsomes (MpLM), human CYP isozymes (CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4, 3A5), and human UGT isoforms (UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A7, 1A8, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7, 2B10, 2B15, 2B17) were all provided from Corning Biosciences (Corning, NY, USA). All other chemicals and reagents were used as received.

Li X., Xing H., Qin Z., Yang J., Wang P., Zhang X., Yao Z, & Yao X. (2020). Potential metabolism determinants and drug–drug interactions of a natural flavanone bavachinin. RSC Advances, 10(58), 35141-35152.

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Andrographolide Glucuronidation Assay

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4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU), 4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-glucuronide (4-MUG), Tris–HCl, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and uridine-5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) (trisodium salt) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Andrographolide, neoandrographolide, dehydroandrographolide, deoxyandrographolide, 3-oxo-dehydroandrographolide, 9β-hydroxy dehydroandrographolide, 3-oxo-deoxyandrographolide, 9β-hydroxy deoxyandrographolide, 3-oxo-9β-hydroxy deoxyandrographolide, and 3,17,19-trihydroxy-7,11,13-ent-labdatrien-15,16-olide were isolated from A. paniculata in our lab, and the purity was demonstrated to be above 95%. Recombinant human UGT isoforms (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B7, UGT2B15) expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells were obtained from BD Gentest Corp. (Woburn, MA, USA). Pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs, 20 mg/mL) were purchased from a commercial source (BD Gentest, Woburn, MA). All other reagents were of HPLC grade or of the highest grade commercially available.

Ma H.Y., Sun D.X., Cao Y.F., Ai C.Z., Qu Y.Q., Hu C.M., Jiang C., Dong P.P., Sun X.Y., Hong M., Tanaka N., Gonzalez F.J., Ma X.C, & Fang Z.Z. (2014). Herb–drug interaction prediction based on the high specific inhibition of andrographolide derivatives towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 277(1), 86-94.

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Characterization of Catalposide Metabolism

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Catalposide (purity, 98%) was obtained from Aobious Inc. (Gloucester, MA, USA). Alamethicin, 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate (PAPS), and uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) were from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid glucuronide were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada). Pooled human intestinal microsomes; pooled human liver S9 fractions; human cDNA-expressed UGTs 1A1/3/4/6/7/8/9/10 and 2B4/7/15/17 supersomes; human cDNA-expressed CESs 1b, 1c, and 2 supersomes; cryopreserved human hepatocytes; and hepatocyte purification kits were obtained from Corning Life Sciences (Woburn, MA, USA). Human cDNA-expressed SULT 1A1*1, 1A1*2, 1A2, 1A3, 1B1, 1C2, 1C4, 1E1, and 2A1 supersomes were purchased from Cypex Ltd. (Dundee, UK). Methanol (HPLC grade) was from Burdick & Jackson Inc. (SK Chemicals, Ulsan, Korea), and all other chemicals were of the highest quality available. Calibration mixtures for Exactive MS [ProteoMass LTQ/FT-hybrid ESI positive mode Cal Mix (MSCAL5) and negative mode Cal Mix (MSCAL6)] were obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA).

Hwang D.K., Kim J.H., Shin Y., Choi W.G., Kim S., Cho Y.Y., Lee J.Y., Kang H.C, & Lee H.S. (2019). Identification of Catalposide Metabolites in Human Liver and Intestinal Preparations and Characterization of the Relevant Sulfotransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and Carboxylesterase Enzymes. Pharmaceutics, 11(7), 355.

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Glucuronidation and Sulfation Kinetics Determination

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WO and WG were purchased from Chengdu Pufei De Biotech Co., Ltd. (Chendu, China). Ononin was purchased from the Chinese Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). The purities of all reference compounds were >98% according to HPLC. Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA), β-glucuronidase, sulfatase, d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate (DGA), and alamethicin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). BCA protein assay kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China).
Chromatographic-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Burdick & Jackson Company (Ulsan, Korea). Formic acid (HPLC grade, purity ≥99.7%) and acetic acid (HPLC grade, purity ≥99.7%) were purchased from Tedia, Co. (Fairfield, OH, USA). Deionized water was purified using a Milli-Q® system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Wang Q., Shi R., Dai Y., Li Y., Wang T., Ma Y, & Cheng N. (2018). Mechanism in the existent difference in form of wogonin/wogonoside between plasma and intestine/liver in rats. RSC Advances, 8(7), 3364-3373.

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UGT Enzyme Kinetics Assay

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Bavachalcone and corylin were purchased from Shifeng Corp. (Shanghai, China), and their purities were all above 98%. 4-Methylumbelliferone(4-MU), 4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-glucuronide(4-MUG), Tris-HCl, alamethicin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) (trisodium salt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Recombinant human UGT supersomes (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A10, and UGT2B4) expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells were obtained from BD Gentest Corp. (Woburn, MA, USA). Solvents and other reagents were of HPLC grade.

Shan L., Yang S., Zhang G., Zhou D., Qiu Z., Tian L., Yuan H., Feng Y, & Shi X. (2014). Comparison of the Inhibitory Potential of Bavachalcone and Corylin against UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2014, 958937.

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Characterization of CYP-Mediated Metabolism

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Monkey liver S9 fraction was obtained from BD Bioscience Pharmingen (San Diego, CA). Trizma pre-set crystals, reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), alamethicin, buspirone, potassium phosphate buffer, Krebs-Henseleit buffer powder, trypan blue, and uridine 5’-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). LC-MS grade acetonitrile (ACN), water, and methanol (MeOH) were purchased from EM Science (Gibbstown, N.J.). Deuterated acetonitrile and deuterated methanol were obtained from Cambridge Isotopes Laboratories Inc. (Andover, MA). NMR tubes were acquired from Kimble/Chase Life Science (Vineland, NJ). Human recombinant CYP (Supersomes) CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C8, and CYP2E1 were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Cryopreserved pooled mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human hepatocytes together with hepatocyte thawing medium were obtained from Bioreclamation IVT (Baltimore, MD). The test article (diamine purine containing parent compound) was synthesized in Celgene.

Apuy J.L., Xiang C., Franc S., Hegde S.G., Hubbard R., Zhao J, & Moghaddam M.F. (2016). Formation of A Novel Purine Metabolite through CYP3A4 Bioactivation and Glutathione Conjugation. Drug Metabolism Letters, 10(2), 144-150.

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Enzymatic Modification of 5-Methylcytosine

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Cell culture media and reagents were purchased from Invitrogen Co. (Carlsbad, CA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Hyclone (Logan, UT). Human recombinant uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 2B7 Supersomes (microsomes from baculovirus-infected insect cells expressing UGTs) were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Human recombinant sulfotransferases (SULT) 1A1 and human recombinant catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were expressed and purified as described by us.^{23 (link),24 (link)} 5-MC, dithiothreitol, uridine-5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA), adenosine 3′-phosphate 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS), and S-(5′-adenosyl)-l-methionine (AdoMet) chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO). 5-MC-1,2-dione was purchased from MRIGlobal Chemical Carcinogen Repository (Kansas City, MO). 5-Hydroxy-5-MC and 7-hydroxy-5-MC were synthesized as described in the Supporting Information. All solvents were HPLC grade, and all other chemicals used were of the highest grade available.

Huang M., Zhang L., Mesaros C., Hackfeld L.C., Hodge R.P., Blair I.A, & Penning T.M. (2015). Metabolism of an Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon 5-Methylchrysene in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells. Chemical research in toxicology, 28(10), 2045-2058.

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In Vitro Glucuronidation Kinetics

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4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU), 4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-glucuronide (4-MUG), Tris-HCl, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and uridine-5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) (trisodium salt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Recombinant human UGT isoforms (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15) expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells were obtained from BD Gentest Corp. (Woburn, MA, USA). Ophiopogonin D (OD), ophiopogonin D′ (OD′), methylophiopogonanone A (MA), methylophiopogonanone B (MB), and ruscorectal (RU) were purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biotechnology Company (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). The purity of these compounds was above 95%. All other reagents were of HPLC grade or of the highest grade commercially available.

Jiang L.P., Zhao J., Cao Y.F., Hong M., Sun D.X., Sun X.Y., Yin J., Zhu Z.T, & Fang Z.Z. (2014). The Inhibition of the Components from Shengmai Injection towards UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2014, 594354.

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Evaluation of Tanshinone Glucuronidation by UGTs

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Tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and dihydrotanshinone I (purity ≥98%) were purchased from Aladdin Corp. (Shanghai, China). 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU), 4-methylumbelliferone-β-D-glucuronide (4-MUG), Tris-HCl, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) (trisodium salt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Recombinant human UGT supersomes (UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15) expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells were obtained from BD Gentest Corp. (Woburn, MA). All other reagents were of HPLC grade or of the highest grade commercially available.

Zhang X.X., Cao Y.F., Wang L.X., Yuan X.L, & Fang Z.Z. (2017). Inhibitory effects of tanshinones towards the catalytic activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1703-1709.

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