Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were got using a JSM-5610LV microscope (JEOL, Ltd, Japan). The crystallinity of the as-prepared materials was analysed via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) (D8 Advance, Bruker, Germany). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed using a IRAffinity-1S instrument (Shimadzu Company, Japan). The specific surface area and porosity were measured using N2 sorption (ASAP 2020, Micromeritics Corporation, USA). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted on an AXIS Supra instrument (Kratos, Japan). The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis was performed on a TGA 4000 analyser (PerkinElmer, Inc., USA). The amount and strength of basic sites were obtained via temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide using a AutoChem II 2920 Instrument (Micromeritics Corporation, USA).
Tga 4000 analyser
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States
The TGA 4000 analyzer is a thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. It is designed to measure the change in the weight of a sample as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere. The TGA 4000 can be used to analyze a variety of materials, including polymers, ceramics, and metals.
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2 protocols using tga 4000 analyser
1
Comprehensive Materials Characterization Protocol
2
Thermal and Particle Analysis of Cuttlebone
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Elemental composition, morphology and chemical structure of cuttlebone particles were investigated in our previous study by using XRF, SEM and FT-IR analyses [17] (link).
In this study, lamellar and dorsal segments of cuttlebone were analysed by thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Lamellar and dorsal parts were carefully separated by using a scalpel; both parts were ground separately in an agate mortar and sieved. Powdered cuttlebone was then dried in an oven at 100 °C temperature for 1 h and stored in a desiccator until an analysis. Ten (10) mg of a sample were placed in a platinum pan and heated up to 900 °C temperature under oxygen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 °C/min (Perkin Elmer TGA 4000 analyser). Particle size distribution in the prepared samples (n = 3) was determined by laser particle sizer (Fritsch analysette 22 Nano Tech) covering a size range of 0.01-2 100 mm. Liquid dispersion method (by means of ultrasound application for 5 min) was used to disperse agglomerates.
In this study, lamellar and dorsal segments of cuttlebone were analysed by thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Lamellar and dorsal parts were carefully separated by using a scalpel; both parts were ground separately in an agate mortar and sieved. Powdered cuttlebone was then dried in an oven at 100 °C temperature for 1 h and stored in a desiccator until an analysis. Ten (10) mg of a sample were placed in a platinum pan and heated up to 900 °C temperature under oxygen atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 °C/min (Perkin Elmer TGA 4000 analyser). Particle size distribution in the prepared samples (n = 3) was determined by laser particle sizer (Fritsch analysette 22 Nano Tech) covering a size range of 0.01-2 100 mm. Liquid dispersion method (by means of ultrasound application for 5 min) was used to disperse agglomerates.
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