For the forced degradation study, 30% (W/V) H2O2 solution (Park Scientific Limited, UK), 35.4% (W/V) HCl acid (Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India), and Sodium Hydroxide pellet AR 98% (Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., India) were used. Other chemicals such as methanol AR 99% pure (Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., India); Acetone 99.5% AR/ACS (Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India); Ethyl Acetate AR; acetonitrile AR; Ammonia solution 28%, chloroform AR (Carlo ERBA Reagents S.A.S, France); cyclohexane AR 99.5% pure (Park Scientific Limited, UK) were used for the preparation of the mobile phase system and the extraction solvent. Na2EDTA 99% AR /ACS (Loba chemie Pvt. Ltd., India) was used for preparation of 10% Na2EDTA solution, and then 40% NaOH (Oxford Lab Fine Chem, India) was used for 10% Na2EDTA solution adjustment to pH 9. The prepared solution was used for impregnating TLC and HPTLC plates. Ammonium oxalate (Avonchem, UK), dimethylformamide (Carlo ERBA Reagents S.A.S., France), and dibasic ammonium phosphate (Carlo ERBA Reagents S.A.S., France) were used for the analysis of drugs using the golden method (HPLC method) for the preparation of diluting solvents, sample solution preparation, and mobile phase preparation (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany).
Dimethylformamide
Manufactured by Carlo Erba
Sourced in France
Dimethylformamide is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid that is miscible with water and most organic solvents. It is commonly used as a polar aprotic solvent in various chemical reactions and processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Carlo Erba (3 mentions)
Cyclohexylamine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Triethylamine, by Tedia (2 mentions)
Sulfaguanidine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (2 mentions)
Morpholine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (2 mentions)
4 nitroaniline, by Johnson & Johnson (2 mentions)
M toluidine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
4 chloroaniline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
4 bromoaniline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
4 fluoroaniline, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hexane, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Acetone, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Chloroform, by Carlo Erba (2 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
2 aminobenzothiazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylenediamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyclopropylamine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Promega (1 mentions)
8 protocols using dimethylformamide
1
Forced Degradation Study Protocols
2
Synthesis and Characterization of Benzothiazole Derivatives
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All reagents, catalysts,
and chemicals utilized in the study were of analytical quality and
supplied by commercial providers. The chemicals used in this study
were sourced from various suppliers. 2-Aminobenzothiazole (Sigma-Aldrich,
99%), sulfapyridine (NENTECH, U.K., 99%), sulfaguanidine (Tokyo Chemical
Industry, Japan, 98%), piperazine (Central Dreug House, India, 99%),
benzylamine (Loba Chemi, India, 99%), cyclohexylamine (Sigma-Aldrich,
99%), 3,4 dimethylaniline (GCC, U.K., 98%), 4-chloroaniline (Sigma-Aldrich,
98%), 4-bromoaniline (Sigma-Aldrich, 90%), 4-fluoroaniline (Sigma-Aldrich,
99%), 4-nitroaniline (Janssen, Belgium, 98%), diethylamine (GCC, U.K.,
98%), m-toluidine (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), morpholine
(Tokyo Chemical Industry, Japan, 99%), dimethylformamide (DMF) (Carlo
Erba, France, 99.9%), acetone (Carlo Erba, France, 99%), triethylamine
(TEA) (TEDIA, 99%), ethanol (Carlo Erba, France, 98%), n-hexane (Carlo Erba, France, 95%), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (GCC, U.K., 99.5%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (GCC, U.K.,
99.5%), chloroform (Carlo Erba, France, 99.9%), and dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO) (Carlo Erba, France, 99%) and monochloroacetyl chloride (α
Chemika, India) were used.
and chemicals utilized in the study were of analytical quality and
supplied by commercial providers. The chemicals used in this study
were sourced from various suppliers. 2-Aminobenzothiazole (Sigma-Aldrich,
99%), sulfapyridine (NENTECH, U.K., 99%), sulfaguanidine (Tokyo Chemical
Industry, Japan, 98%), piperazine (Central Dreug House, India, 99%),
benzylamine (Loba Chemi, India, 99%), cyclohexylamine (Sigma-Aldrich,
99%), 3,4 dimethylaniline (GCC, U.K., 98%), 4-chloroaniline (Sigma-Aldrich,
98%), 4-bromoaniline (Sigma-Aldrich, 90%), 4-fluoroaniline (Sigma-Aldrich,
99%), 4-nitroaniline (Janssen, Belgium, 98%), diethylamine (GCC, U.K.,
98%), m-toluidine (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), morpholine
(Tokyo Chemical Industry, Japan, 99%), dimethylformamide (DMF) (Carlo
Erba, France, 99.9%), acetone (Carlo Erba, France, 99%), triethylamine
(TEA) (TEDIA, 99%), ethanol (Carlo Erba, France, 98%), n-hexane (Carlo Erba, France, 95%), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (GCC, U.K., 99.5%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (GCC, U.K.,
99.5%), chloroform (Carlo Erba, France, 99.9%), and dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO) (Carlo Erba, France, 99%) and monochloroacetyl chloride (α
Chemika, India) were used.
3
PEDOT:PSS Synthesis and Characterization
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PEDOT:PSS (Clevios™ PH1000) was acquired from Heraeus (Hanau, Germany). PAN (MW 200.000 Da) was purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA, USA). Dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy) and Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA), respectively. Concentrated sulfuric acid (95–97%) was acquired from Honeywell Fluka (Charlotte, NC, USA).
4
Synthesis of Metal Diethyldithiocarbamates and Exfoliated Graphite Oxide
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Ethylenediamine (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), graphite (GK, Hauzenberg, Germany), graphene oxide aqueous solution (2.5 mg/mL, Nanocs, New York, NY, USA) dimethylformamide (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) were used as received. All other solvents were obtained from commercial sources and used as received or distilled and dried by standard procedures.
The following metal diethyldithiocarbamates were used as single-molecule precursors {M[S2CN(C2H5)2]x}, where M = Ag, Cd, Bi, and Pb [27 (link)]. All of the compounds were prepared by the stoichiometric reaction of Na(S2CN(C2H5)2) and the respective metal nitrate, in water. The solid obtained, was thoroughly washed and collected by filtration.
Exfoliated graphite oxide was produced by the sonochemical exfoliation of graphite in a high boiling point solvent (DMF), in accordance with the literature [50 (link)]. In a typical experiment, a DMF dispersion of graphite flakes (50 mg/mL) was submitted to a sonochemical reaction during 5 h. The resulting suspension was centrifuged (500 rpm, 45 min) using a Eba 20 Hettich centrifuge, and filtered under reduced pressure. The final powder obtained was left to dry at 40 °C.
The following metal diethyldithiocarbamates were used as single-molecule precursors {M[S2CN(C2H5)2]x}, where M = Ag, Cd, Bi, and Pb [27 (link)]. All of the compounds were prepared by the stoichiometric reaction of Na(S2CN(C2H5)2) and the respective metal nitrate, in water. The solid obtained, was thoroughly washed and collected by filtration.
Exfoliated graphite oxide was produced by the sonochemical exfoliation of graphite in a high boiling point solvent (DMF), in accordance with the literature [50 (link)]. In a typical experiment, a DMF dispersion of graphite flakes (50 mg/mL) was submitted to a sonochemical reaction during 5 h. The resulting suspension was centrifuged (500 rpm, 45 min) using a Eba 20 Hettich centrifuge, and filtered under reduced pressure. The final powder obtained was left to dry at 40 °C.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfanilamide Derivatives
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All of the reagents and
chemicals were of analytical grade and purchased from commercial suppliers.
Sulfapyridine (NENTECH, U.K., 99%), sulfaguanidine (Tokyo Chemical
Industry, Japan, 98%), cyanuric chloride (Acros Organics, China, 99%),
aniline (GCC, U.K., 99.5%), benzylamine (LobaChemi, India, 99%), cyclopropylamine
(Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), cyclohexyl amine (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), diethylamine
(GCC, U.K., 98%), m-toluidine (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%),
3,4-dimethylaniline (GCC, U.K., 98%), 4-chloroaniline (Sigma-Aldrich,
98%), 4-bromoaniline (Sigma-Aldrich, 90%), 4-fluoroaniline (Sigma-Aldrich,
99%), 4-nitroaniline (Janssen, Belgium, 98%), morpholine (Tokyo Chemical
Industry, Japan, 99%), acetone (Carlo Erba, France, 99%), ethanol
(Carlo Erba, France, 98%), dimethylformamide (DMF) (Carlo Erba, France,
99.9%), n-hexane (Carlo Erba, France, 95%), sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (GCC, U.K., 99.5%), sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) (GCC, U.K., 99.5%), triethylamine (TEA) (TEDIA, 99%), chloroform
(Carlo Erba, France, 99.9%) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Carlo Erba,
France, 99%).
chemicals were of analytical grade and purchased from commercial suppliers.
Sulfapyridine (NENTECH, U.K., 99%), sulfaguanidine (Tokyo Chemical
Industry, Japan, 98%), cyanuric chloride (Acros Organics, China, 99%),
aniline (GCC, U.K., 99.5%), benzylamine (LobaChemi, India, 99%), cyclopropylamine
(Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), cyclohexyl amine (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), diethylamine
(GCC, U.K., 98%), m-toluidine (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%),
3,4-dimethylaniline (GCC, U.K., 98%), 4-chloroaniline (Sigma-Aldrich,
98%), 4-bromoaniline (Sigma-Aldrich, 90%), 4-fluoroaniline (Sigma-Aldrich,
99%), 4-nitroaniline (Janssen, Belgium, 98%), morpholine (Tokyo Chemical
Industry, Japan, 99%), acetone (Carlo Erba, France, 99%), ethanol
(Carlo Erba, France, 98%), dimethylformamide (DMF) (Carlo Erba, France,
99.9%), n-hexane (Carlo Erba, France, 95%), sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (GCC, U.K., 99.5%), sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) (GCC, U.K., 99.5%), triethylamine (TEA) (TEDIA, 99%), chloroform
(Carlo Erba, France, 99.9%) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Carlo Erba,
France, 99%).
6
Chitosan-based Nanoparticle Formulation
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Chitosan (molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) <50,000; degree of deacetylation, 90%) was purchased from Seafresh Chitosan Laboratory (Bangkok, Thailand). Pluronic® F127 (Poloxamer 407) was acquired from BASF (Lampertheim, Germany), and ethanol 99.7–100% was bought from BDH (East Yorkshire, UK). OX hydrochloride, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), pyridine, phthalic anhydride, acetone, sodium acetate, succinic anhydride, ethyl ether, and 1,4-Dioxane were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Sodium dodecyl sulfate was purchased from Promega Corporation (Fitchburg, WI, USA). DMEM, PBS, trypsin-EDTA, FBS, Trypan Blue, Vybant MTT cell proliferation kit, and anti-HER2, were obtained from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was bought from Amresco (Cleveland, OH, USA). Triethylamine, dimethylformamide (DMF), and Hydrazine monohydrate were acquired from Carlo ERBA (Val-de-Reuil, France). Succinic anhydride was obtained from Fluka (Munich, Germany). Micro BCATM Protein Assay Kit was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
7
Molybdenum Oxide Nanocomposite Synthesis
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The molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) nanocomposite contains two polymerspoly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP, Sigma Aldrich) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, K30, Sigma Aldrich)and MoO 3 nanowires (Nanotul Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia). The MoO 3 nanowires were synthesised by the oxidation of Mo 6 S 2 I 8 nanowires. They grow in the orthorombic crystal structures (JCPD 76-1003) (Gradišar Centa et al., 2021) (link), have a porous surface and a relatively large specific surface area of 14.3 m 2 /g (Varlec et al., 2016) (link). The polymers were dissolved separately in dimethylformamide (Carlo Erba Reagents, Val de Reuil, France) and mixed for 2 h at 80 • C and 300 rpm on the magnetic stirrer. The MoO 3 nanocomposite was prepared by adding the MoO 3 nanowires to a PVP polymer solution, which was then mixed with a PVDF-HFP polymer solution. After 3 h of mixing, the dispersion was drop-casted onto the stainless steel coupons and dried at 80 • C for 2 h. For the control sample, a PVDF-HFP/PVP polymer blend was prepared by mixing the polymer solutions for 2 h before casting onto the stainless steel coupons.
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Complexes
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Copper sulfate (99.99% purity), sodium ascorbate (98% purity), tris(benzyltriazolylmethyl) amine (THPTA, 95% purity), sodium nitrate (99.0% purity), 4-(2hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES, 99.5% purity) and sodium acetate anhydrous (99% purity) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France).
Sodium hydroxide (98 % purity) and sodium chloride (99.5% purity) were purchased from Fluka (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Triethylamine (99% purity) was obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Acetic acid (99.99% purity) was supplied by VWR Chemicals (Rosny-sous-Bois, France). Sodium azide (99.5% purity) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Dimethylformamide (99.9% purity) was purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Val-de-Rueil, (PSS, Mw = 70 kDa) was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Except for PAH and PEI, all reagents and polymers were used as received without any further purification. All aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water (18 MΩcm -1 ) delivered by a Synergy UV water purification system (Millipore, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France).
0.1 μm cut-off Durapore membrane filters were purchased from Millipore (Molsheim, France).
Dialysis tubings (cut-off: 1, 3.5, 8 and 12-14 kDa) were purchased from Spectrum Labs (San Francisco, CA, USA). SI1) according to the calculation method described in Figure SI 8.
Sodium hydroxide (98 % purity) and sodium chloride (99.5% purity) were purchased from Fluka (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Triethylamine (99% purity) was obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Acetic acid (99.99% purity) was supplied by VWR Chemicals (Rosny-sous-Bois, France). Sodium azide (99.5% purity) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Dimethylformamide (99.9% purity) was purchased from Carlo Erba Reagents (Val-de-Rueil, (PSS, Mw = 70 kDa) was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Except for PAH and PEI, all reagents and polymers were used as received without any further purification. All aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water (18 MΩcm -1 ) delivered by a Synergy UV water purification system (Millipore, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France).
0.1 μm cut-off Durapore membrane filters were purchased from Millipore (Molsheim, France).
Dialysis tubings (cut-off: 1, 3.5, 8 and 12-14 kDa) were purchased from Spectrum Labs (San Francisco, CA, USA). SI1) according to the calculation method described in Figure SI 8.
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