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377 protocols using c57bl 6 mice

1

Conditional Knockout of IL-17Ra in Mouse Brain

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All experiments were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care
and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the National Institutes of
Health and the Committee and Animal Care at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Taconic (USA), and
Nestin-cre (003771), PV-cre (008069), and
vGluT2-cre (016963) mice from Jackson laboratory (USA).
IL-17Rafl/lfl mice were described
previously42 (link). All mice
were crossed and maintained in-house with C57BL/6 mice from Taconic. Mice were
analyzed with the following primers for the presence of SFB using qPCR: SFB736-F
5′-GACGCTGAGGCATGAGAGCAT-3′, SFB844-R:
5′-GACGGCACGGATTGTTATTCA-3′ for SFB; UniF340
5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGT-3′, UniR514
5′-ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGC-3′ for total commensal bacteria.
IL-17Rafl/fl animals were crossed with
Nestin-cre to remove IL-17Ra in the brain. The following
primers were used to genotype progenies: IL-17Ra-flox-1-F
5′-GGCAGCCTTTGGGATCCCAAC-3′, IL-17Ra-flox-2-R
5′-CTACTCTTCTCACCAGCGCGC-3′ for WT 336bps/Floxed 377bps;
IL-17Ra-flox-2-R, IL-17Ra-flox-3-F 5′-GTGCCCACAGAGTGTCTTCTGT-3′
for KO 478bps; and Cre-F 5′-GCGGTCTGGCAGTAAAAACTATC-3′, Cre-R
5′-GTGAAACAGCATTGCTGTCACTT-3′ for Nestin-cre 100bps. For gender
discrimination of each embryo, PCR was carried out using sry(sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) gene specific primers:
5′-ACAAGTTGGCCCAGCAGAAT-3′, and
5′-GGGATATCAACAGGCTGCCA-3′.
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2

Conditional Knockout of IL-17Ra in Mouse Brain

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All experiments were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care
and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the National Institutes of
Health and the Committee and Animal Care at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Taconic (USA), and
Nestin-cre (003771), PV-cre (008069), and
vGluT2-cre (016963) mice from Jackson laboratory (USA).
IL-17Rafl/lfl mice were described
previously42 (link). All mice
were crossed and maintained in-house with C57BL/6 mice from Taconic. Mice were
analyzed with the following primers for the presence of SFB using qPCR: SFB736-F
5′-GACGCTGAGGCATGAGAGCAT-3′, SFB844-R:
5′-GACGGCACGGATTGTTATTCA-3′ for SFB; UniF340
5′-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGT-3′, UniR514
5′-ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGC-3′ for total commensal bacteria.
IL-17Rafl/fl animals were crossed with
Nestin-cre to remove IL-17Ra in the brain. The following
primers were used to genotype progenies: IL-17Ra-flox-1-F
5′-GGCAGCCTTTGGGATCCCAAC-3′, IL-17Ra-flox-2-R
5′-CTACTCTTCTCACCAGCGCGC-3′ for WT 336bps/Floxed 377bps;
IL-17Ra-flox-2-R, IL-17Ra-flox-3-F 5′-GTGCCCACAGAGTGTCTTCTGT-3′
for KO 478bps; and Cre-F 5′-GCGGTCTGGCAGTAAAAACTATC-3′, Cre-R
5′-GTGAAACAGCATTGCTGTCACTT-3′ for Nestin-cre 100bps. For gender
discrimination of each embryo, PCR was carried out using sry(sex-determining region of the Y chromosome) gene specific primers:
5′-ACAAGTTGGCCCAGCAGAAT-3′, and
5′-GGGATATCAACAGGCTGCCA-3′.
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3

Murine Experimentation for Research

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Adult male C57BL/6 mice (Taconic, Germantown, NY) or transgenic mice [25 (link)] were used in all experiments. All procedures were approved by the Committee on Animal Care at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Animal Care and Use Review Office at the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command.
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4

Intrathecal Delivery of AAV-SARM1-CDN

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AAV vector expressing EGFP under control of the human synapsin promoter was obtained from Addgene (gift from Bryan Roth, School of Medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC; Addgene #50465) and used as EGFP vector control (Addgene viral prep #50465-AAV8). pAAV-hSyn-EGFP (Addgene #50465) was cut with BamHI and NcoI, and SARM1-K193R/H194A/H685A (SARM1-CDN) was inserted between the synapsin promoter and EGFP sequence using inFusion (Clontech) system. AAV8-hSYN-SARM1-CDN-EGFP was generated by the viral vector core of the Hope Center for Neurological Disorders at Washington University in St. Louis. Viral particles were purified by iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation, and virus titers were measured by dot blot. Under light anesthesia with Avertin, 6 × 1011 viral genomes were injected intrathecally at L6/S1 into male (n = 7) and female (n = 10) C57Bl/6 mice (Taconic) at postnatal day 11 or 12. Two female mice injected with EGFP vector died subsequently, whereas none injected with the SARM1 dominant-negative construct died.
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5

Dietary Selenium Modulation of Selenoprotein Expression

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Wild type male C57BL/6 mice (3 week old; Taconic) were divided into five groups (n=5–10) and weaned on torula yeast-based diets (from Harlan Teklad, WI, USA) containing <0.01 ppm Se. To the basal diet either no Se was added (Se -deficient; Se-D), or sodium selenite was added at adequate levels of 0.08 ppm (Se-adequate; Se-A), or supplemented with supranutritional doses of selenite at 0.4 ppm Se (Se-supplemented; Se-S) or 1.0 ppm Se (Se-high; Se-H) for at least 10–12 weeks. Trspfl/fl mice were prepared as described earlier (21 (link)) and crossed with LysMCre mice to produce Trspfl/flLysMCre mice that lack the expression of selenoproteins in monocyte and macrophages (and to a minor extent in granulocytes) (22 (link)). These mice were maintained on Se-D or Se-S diets. In experiments using Trspfl/flLysMCre mice, corresponding sex, age, and diet group matched WT littermates were used for comparison. All procedures were reviewed and preapproved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the Pennsylvania State University.
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6

Mouse Models for Immunology Research

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For mouse experiments, 4- to 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Taconic Biosciences and housed under specific pathogen–free conditions. Batf3–/– and FcRn–/– mice were acquired from The Jackson Laboratory and bred in our in-house animal facility. Information regarding our humanized mice can be found on the Taconic website (https://www.taconic.com/mouse-model/hunog).
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7

Dietary Modulation of Gut Transit

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Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Taconic (Germantown, NY). After one-week acclimation, mice were randomly assigned into one of the following six experimental groups (n = 8/group): control (CON, PBS), control of decreasing transit drug loperamide (5 mg/kg BW), control of increasing transit drug linaclotide (100 μg/kg BW), WSBCW-Low (40 mg/kg BW), WSBCW-Middle (120 mg/kg BW), and WSBCW-High (360 mg/kg BW). The WSBCW doses were designed based on human use. An adult (60 kg BW) consumes 300 mg x 2 daily, which is approximately equivalent to a daily dose of 120 mg/kg BW. Both lower and higher doses were also included for evaluation. The animals in all experimental groups consumed the AIN-93M diet throughout the experiment. The animal experiment was performed in accordance with NIH guidelines and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
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8

High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Mice

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High fat diet male C57BL/6 mice aged 4–5 weeks and weighing 20–25 g were purchased from Taconic Biosciences, Inc. (Germantown, NY, USA). Animals were maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions and housed under controlled conditions of temperature (20–24°C) and humidity (60–70%) and 12 h light/dark cycle with ad libitum access to water and high fat diet. Mice were fed a high-fat irradiated diet (TD.D12492, Research Diets, Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA) that provides 60% kcal from fat sources to increase total cholesterol. The composition of the diet is shown in Table 2.
The mice were grouped into two arms (n=3) and administrated orally daily with water for vehicle control and GTE, (30 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Plasma was collected after week 3 treatment to monitor the level of LDL-C as measured enzymatically. Blood samples (100 μl) were collected from the retro-orbital venous plexus via heparinized capillary tubes containing 2 USP units of ammonium heparin per tube (Carolina, Burlington, North Carolina, USA). Plasma was separated immediately using centrifugation (5,000 × g) for 5 min at room temperature and then kept at −80°C until assayed for lipid profile. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were measured with the cholesterol and LDL assay kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Abcam, Boston, MA, USA).
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9

Cell Lines for HNSCC and Oral Cancer Research

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Human HNSCC lines CAL-33, CAL-27, SCC-9, and SCC-25 were obtained from ATCC and maintained in the Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) + GlutaMAX™ media supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100 U/ml penicillin streptomycin. Mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma models, MOC1-esc1 and MOC2, were maintained in IMDM/Hams-F12 (2:1) supplemented with 5% heat inactivated FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin streptomycin, 5 ng/ml EGF (Millipore), 400 ng/ml hydrocortisone (Sigma Aldrich), and 5 μg/ml insulin (Sigma Aldrich). Cell lines were routinely tested for mycoplasma and underwent short tandem repeat (STR) cell line authentication at the DFCI within 6 months of use. MOC1-esc1, an anti-PD-1 resistant line, is isogenic to the previously described MOC1 model (27 (link)). Derivation and further characterization will be described elsewhere (Zhou et al., in preparation). C57BL/6 mice (6-week-old, females) were from Taconic and OT-1 mice were purchased from Jackson Labs (C57BL/6-Tg (TcraTcrb)1100Mjb).
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10

Microbiome Transfer in Germ-Free Mice

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Germ-free C57/BL6 mice were purchased from Taconic and bred and maintained in flexible film isolator bubbles, fed with standard mouse chow. Three days before they were gavaged, male mice between 5 and 7 weeks of age were switched to a Western high-fat diet and were fed this diet for the remainder of the experiment. Diets were all obtained from Envigo (Indiana): standard chow, Teklad global soy protein-free extruded (item 2920X [https://www.envigo.com/resources/data-sheets/2020x-datasheet-0915.pdf]), or Western diet, New Total Western Diet (catalog no. TD.110919). See Table S4 for detailed diet composition. Mice were gavaged with 200 μl of fecal solutions prepared from 1.5 g of donor feces mixed in 3 ml of anaerobic PBS (18 (link)). Mice were housed individually after gavage for 3 weeks in a Tecniplast isopositive caging system, with each cage having HEPA filters and positive pressurization for bioexclusion. Feces were collected from mice at day 21 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mice were euthanized at 21 days after gavage using an isoflurane overdose, and all efforts were made to minimize suffering. Blood from euthanized animals was collected using cardiac puncture, and cells were pelleted in K2-EDTA tubes; the plasma was then aliquoted and stored at –80°C.
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