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8 protocols using ab177790

1

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cell Cultures

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After cell culture, cells were washed with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; Merck) and fixed with 4% w/v paraformaldehyde (Sigma‐Aldrich) for 5 min at 37 °C. After a washing step, cells were permeabilized with 0.01% v/v Triton X‐100 (Acros Organics) and blocked with goat serum (1:100; Sigma‐Aldrich) in PBT (PBS + 0.02% Triton‐X‐100, 0.5% BSA) for 1 h. Afterward, cells were incubated with the primary antibody in PBT for 1 h. After a washing step, cells were incubated with a secondary antibody conjugated to an Alexa Fluor (1:500; ThermoFisher) in PBT. In conjunction, phalloidin conjugated to an Alexa Fluor (1:500; ThermoFisher) in PBT was added to the sample for 1 h. After washing, the nucleus was counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (1:1000; Sigma‐Aldrich) for 10 min. After a subsequent washing step, surfaces were mounted on glass cover slides with mounting media (Dako). All washing steps were performed in triplicate with PBT. Primary antibodies used in this study are: anti‐acetyl‐histone H3 antibody (1:200; Millipore; 06–599), anti‐acetyl histone H4 antibody (1:200; Abcam; ab177790), anti‐H3K9Me2 (1:200; Abcam; ab1220), anti‐nucleophosmin antibody (1:200; Abcam; ab37659), anti‐fibrillarin (1:100; Abcam; ab4566), and anti‐nucleolin antibody (1:200; ThermoFisher; ZN004).
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2

Antibody Panel for Protein Analysis

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The following primary antibodies were used for immunoblotting analysis: anti-KAT7 (ab190908, Abcam), anti-PKD1 (90039S, Cell Signaling Technology-CST), anti-HA (CST, 3724S), anti-Flag (Sigma, F7425), anti-pMOTIF PKD1 (4381, CST), anti-phosphoserine (ab9332, Abcam), anti-phosphothreonine (CST, 9381S), anti-Tubulin (BS1482M, BioWorld), anti-phospho-PKD1(ser744/748) (CST, 2054), anti-GAPDH (Bioworld, AP0063), anti-Myc, anti-GST(Santa Cruz, sc-965), anti-mcm2 (ab133325, Abcam), anti-mcm6 (ab201683, Abcam), anti-H4 (13919S, CST), anti-H4acK5, K8, K12, K16 (ab177790, Abcam), anti-H3.
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3

Quantifying histone acetylation in fungi

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Total proteins were isolated from vegetative hyphae harvested from 12 h YEPD cultures as described [24 (link)]. Acetylation of histone H3 and H4 was detected with anti-H3ac (ab47915), anti-H4ac (ab177790), and anti-H4K16ac (ab194352) antibodies from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Detection with the anti-H3 (ab209023, Abcam), and anti-H4 (ab10158, Abcam) antibodies were used as the loading controls. The band intensity was quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Relative intensity of the histone acetylation was normalized to that of non-acetylated histone, and compared with that of the control group [67 (link)]. Each experiment was performed for three independent biological replicates, and error bars represent standard deviation estimated with data from three independent replicates.
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4

Zebrafish Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting

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Protein extraction of embryonic zebrafish and immunoblotting was carried out as described [16 (link),17 (link)]. For immunoblotting following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-Hdac1 (1:500, Abcam #ab33278), rabbit anti-acetyl-Histone H3 (1:1000, Millipore #06–599) rabbit anti-acetyl Histone H4 (1:1000, Abcam #ab177790). For loading control rabbit anti-Histone H3 (1:2500,Sigma/ #H0164), rabbit anti-Pan Cadherin (1:10000, Abcam #ab16505), or rabbit anti-LaminB1 (1:1000; Abcam #16048) were used. Signals were detected by chemiluminescence (anti-mouse IgG HRP-linked, anti-rabbit IgG HRP-linked, Cell Signaling #7076/#7074) using a Luminescent image analyzer (Image Quant LAS4000mini, D-79111 Freiburg, Germany).
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Histone Acetyltransferase Activity

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Western blot analysis of HAT activities was performed with an antibody against acetyl-lysine 5 and/or 12 of histone H4 (1:2000 dilution; Abcam ab177790) and detected by the Enhanced ECL luminescence detection kit (Thermo 34577). Three independent blots were quantified by image scanning to derive the error bars. Quantitative HAT activity analyses used a continuous fluorometric HAT assay (Chung et al. 2008 (link)). The data were first analyzed using Excel and then fitted to the Michaelis–Menten equation using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, Inc.). The Km and Kcat values were derived by varying the concentration of the substrate. Detailed conditions for the assay are described in the Supplemental Material.
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6

Histone Acetylation Analysis in Fungal Hyphae

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Hyphae were harvested from 24 h YEPD (Yeast extract peptone dextrose) cultures by filtration through two layers of Miracloth (Sigma, USA) and washed with sterile distilled water. Proteins were isolated from vegetative hyphae as described [63 (link)]. For Western blot analyses, total proteins were separated on 12.5% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Acetylation of histone H3 and H4 was detected with the anti-Histone H3ac (K9+K14+K18+K23+K27) (ab47915), anti-Histone H4ac (K5+K8+K12+K16) (ab177790), anti-Histone H4K5ac (ab51997), anti-Histone H4K8ac (ab15823), anti-Histone H4K12ac (ab46983), anti-Histone H4K16ac (ab194352), and anti-Histone H2AK5ac (ab45152) antibodies from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Detection with the anti-Histone H3 (ab209023, Abcam), anti-Histone H4 (ab10158, Abcam), and anti-Histone H2A (ab188312, Abcam) antibodies was used as the loading controls.
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7

Immunoblotting Analysis of Signaling Pathways

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Cells were harvested and lysed with 1 × lysis buffer (Cell Signaling Technology, CST). Cell lysates were subjected to SDS-PAGE), transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane and immunoblotted. Uncropped blots and gels are provided in Source Data file.
Antibodies used in the immunoblotting are as following: CIITA (3793, CST, 1:1000), GAPDH (5174, CST, 1:5000), Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) (4370, CST, 1:1000), p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (4695, CST, 1:2000), Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (4058, CST, 1:1000), Akt (9272, CST, 1:2000), Phospho-Syk (Tyr525/526) (2710, CST, 1:1000), Syk (2712, CST, 1:1000), Phospho-STAT1 (Tyr701) (9167, CST, 1:1000), STAT1 (14994, CST, 1:1000), Phospho-JAK1 (Tyr525/526) (74129, CST, 1:1000), JAK1 (3332, CST, 1:1000), Histone H3 (4499, CST, 1:5000), IRF1 (8478, CST, 1:1000), Histone H3 (acetyl K9 + K14 + K18 + K23 + K27) (ab47915, abcam, 1:1000), Histone H4 (acetyl K5 + K8 + K12 + K16) (clone: EPR16606, ab177790, abcam, 1:1000), Acetyl-Histone H3 (Lys14) (D4B9) (7627, CST Technology, 1:1000), Acetyl-Histone H3 (Lys27) (D5E4) (8173, CST, 1:1000), Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG Isotype Control (3900, CST, 1:100), and AP-2α (C83E10) (3215, CST, 1:1000).
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8

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay

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Vegetative hyphae of PH-1 and the pkr mutant were harvested from 12 h liquid YEPD cultures. Chromatins were cross-linked with 0.75% formaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature [84 (link)]. Samples were ground with liquid nitrogen and re-suspended in lysis buffer (50 mM, HEPES-KOH pH 7.5, 140 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA PH 8.0, 1% Triton, 0.1% Sodium Deoxycholate, 1% SDS) with protease inhibitors (Sigma, USA). The cross-linked chromatins were sonicated by Vibra-Cell (Sonics, USA) to an average DNA fragment size of 100–500 bp. An aliquot of the sheared lysate was saved as the input control for each sample. The rest was incubated with 10 μg anti H4ac antibody (ab177790, Abcam) and protein A agarose beads (Cell Signaling Technology, USA) as described [44 (link)]. Genomic DNA in the immunocomplexes formed on agarose beads was recovered with the HiPure Gel Pure DNA Mini Kit (Megan, China). The presence of the promoter sequences of targeted genes in the input and recovered ChIP samples was assayed by quantitative PCR with the ChamQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix (Vazyme, China) with primers listed in S2 Table. The resulting ChIP data were analyzed with the Percent Input Method [85 (link)].
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