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197 protocols using k2edta

1

Blood Sampling and Analysis in Dairy Cows

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Blood samples were collected via the jugular catheter from all cows at 0600 h on d 3 and 4 of P1, and on d 1, 3, 5, and 7 of P2 for plasma analysis. Blood samples were collected in tubes containing K 2 EDTA (Becton, Dickinson and Co.) and were centrifuged at 1,500 × g for 15 min at 4°C before being aliquoted to micro-centrifuge tubes and frozen at -20°C until analysis. Additionally, a 3-mL blood sample (K 2 EDTA; Becton, Dickinson and Co.) was obtained at 0600 h from d 2 to 4 of P1 and daily during P2 for complete blood count (CBC) analysis. Samples were obtained via the jugular catheter and stored at 4°C for ~3 h before submitting to the Iowa State University's Department of Veterinary Pathology for analysis.
Plasma insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), BHB, BUN, glucose, LPS-binding protein (LBP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were determined using commercially available kits according to manufacturers' instructions (insulin, Mercodia AB; NEFA, Wako Chemicals USA; BHB, Pointe Scientific Inc.; BUN, Teco Diagnostics; glucose, Wako Chemicals USA; LBP, Hycult Biotech; SAA, Tridelta Development Ltd.). The intraassay coefficients of variation for insulin, NEFA, BHB, BUN, glucose, LBP, and SAA were 6. 6, 4.8, 4.4, 5.9, 4.5, 6.3, and 4 .6%, respectively. The interassay coefficients for NEFA, BHB, BUN, and glucose were 10.1, 7.6, 16.1, and 5.3%, respectively.
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2

Sickle Cell Disease RBC Poloxamer 188

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Whole blood was collected from SCD patients with the HbSS genotype (n = 7 female, n = 6 male; 1–20 years of age; HbS = 21.6–85.9%; HbF = 0.7–32.9%, HbA = 0–66.3%) during their regular clinic visits to the Texas Children’s Hospital (Houston, TX) into 3 mL vacutainer tubes (K2EDTA, BD), under a Baylor College of Medicine Institutional Review Board approved protocol. The %HbS, %HbF, %HbA, genotype, treatment type, gender, and age were obtained by review of patient’s medical records (see Supplementary Information for detailed patient information). Whole blood from normal individuals was collected from consenting volunteers into 4 mL vacutainer tubes (K2EDTA, BD), under a University of Houston Institutional Review Board approved protocol. Blood samples from both healthy volunteers and SCD patients were leukocyte- and platelet-reduced by removing the buffy coat and platelet-rich plasma after gravity sedimentation at RT, and the RBCs were then re-suspended in normal saline at either 25% or 40% hematocrit (HCT). For Poloxamer 188 (P188) experiments, RBCs were incubated with 5 or 10 mg/mL P188 (Kolliphor P188; CAS: 9003-11-6; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at 25% HCT for 30 min at 37°C, following a previously published protocol (Sandor et al., 2016 (link)).
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3

PRRSV Viremia and Antibody Evaluation

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For evaluation of viremia and PRRSV specific neutralizing antibody response, 5–7 mL of blood was collected at 0, 14, 26, 42 dpv and 3, 7, 10, 14 dpc. Plasma was separated using K2 EDTA plus blood collection tubes (BD vacutainer, NJ, USA) and preserved at −80 °C until use in the assays. At 26 dpv and 14 dpc, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from blood collected in EDTA by gradient centrifugation using lymphoprep solution in sepmate tubes (Stem Cell Technologies, Canada) [32 (link)]. PBMC were resuspended in enriched-RPMI (E-RPMI, RPMI containing 10 % FBS, 200 μm HEPES, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 25 μm 2-ME, 1× Non-Essential Amino Acid, and 1× antibiotic and antifungal). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected during necropsy as described previously [33 ] and aliquots were stored at −80 °C until use in the assays.
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4

Blood Collection Protocol for Baseline and Donation

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Prior to each blood collection, subjects were seated with their feet on the floor for a minimum of ten minutes per World Anti-Doping Agency blood collection guidelines (https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/world-anti-doping-program/guidelines-blood-sample-collection). After the ten-minute equilibration period, blood was collected via venipuncture of an antecubital vein into one 6 mL serum-separator tube and one 6 mL K2EDTA (BD Vacutainer) tube. After collection, whole blood samples were immediately refrigerated until analysis. Additional aliquots were stored at −80C for HbA1c measurement. Following three baseline collections over the course of 2-4 weeks, each subject in the study donated one unit of blood (~475 mL) according to Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) standard operating procedures.
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5

Analytical Sensitivity of CTC Assays

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To further verify the analytical sensitivity of the assay, we collected peripheral blood samples from two healthy donors in 2 different types of tubes: (a) K2EDTA (BD Vacutainer) and (b) CellSave (Menarini Silicon Biosystems). In both cases, the first 5 mL of blood was discarded to avoid skin epithelial cell contamination. In each tube, MCF‐7 cells (100 cells enumerated in a Malassez Hemocytometer) were spiked into peripheral blood (10 mL in EDTA tube and 7.5 mL in CellSave tube), and mixed immediately after spiking. In the EDTA tube, CTC isolation was performed by adding red cell lysis buffer and capture beads, coated with the monoclonal antibody BerEP4 against the human epithelial antigen EpCAM. In the CellSave tube, CellSearch® analysis was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Following CTC analysis, CellSearch® cartridges were used for downstream analysis of EpCAM‐positive CTCs. In both cases, DNA was isolated using QIAamp DNA Micro Kit and DNA concentration was measured in a NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometer that was calibrated with the recommended CF‐1 standard solution.
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6

Blood Sampling and Analysis Protocol

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The patients were instructed not to eat for 12 hours before sample collection. Blood samples (20 mL) were obtained in the morning (not later than 8 AM) by venous puncture. Four milliliters were transferred to glass tubes containing 7.2-mg K2-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K2-EDTA; BD Vacutainer, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) for glycated hemoglobin and blood count. Another 4 mL were transferred to glass tubes with 6 mg of NaF and 12 mg Na2EDTA (BD Vacutainer) for glucose analysis. Eight milliliters were transferred to clot activator glass tubes (BD Vacutainer) for lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, insulin and ω-3 and ω-6 LC-PUFA (EPA, DHA, DPA, and AA). All of the samples were immediately centrifuged for 5 minutes, except the K2-EDTA, and used for immediate analysis or stored at -70℃. Blood collection was carried out at T0, T1, and T2.
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7

Plasma Biochemical and Hormonal Profiles in Laying Hens

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Ten laying hens from each group were randomly chosen at the end of the experiment, and blood samples were collected from the wing vein in K2-EDTA heparinized tubes (K2-EDTA, BD Vacutainer, Plymouth, Devon, UK). The blood samples were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C to separate the plasma into Eppendorf tubes and kept at −20°C until further analysis. The concentrations of ALB, HDL, Ca, P, total protein (TP), glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined by an automatic blood biochemistry analyzer (Konelab 20 analyzer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vantaa, Finland), using commercial diagnostic kits and following the manufacturer's guidelines. Besides, plasma FSH, LH, and E2β were determined using a homologous radioimmunoassay (Krishnan et al., 1993 ).
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8

CTC Isolation from Whole Blood

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PB was collected before the treatment began (baseline) and IMV was collected during surgery in order to conduct CTC evaluation. Samples were kept in plastic blood collection tubes with K2EDTA (BD Vacutainer®, Plymouth, UK) at room temperature and were processed within 24 h of collection. The isolation procedure began with the Leucosep TM tube (bio-check LABORATORIES LTD, New Taipei City, Taiwan) to remove red blood cells from whole blood. In this step, red blood cells were removed through Ficoll–Paque PLUS (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan) by concentration gradient. The mononucleated cells containing CTC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) after centrifugation were collected, and the CTC cell retention rate was about 75–85% [30 (link)].
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9

Plasma ctDNA Extraction from Whole Blood

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Whole blood samples were collected into venous blood collection tubes using K2EDTA (BD Vacutainer, Plymouth) as anticoagulant. Samples were mixed thoroughly, and plasma was isolated within 2 h from sample collection by centrifugation at 530 g for 10 min at room temperature. Once isolated, plasma samples were further centrifuged twice at 2000 g for 10 min, before transferring into clean 2‐mL tubes and freezing at −70 °C until further processing. The QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used to isolate ctDNA from 2.00 mL of plasma according to manufacturer's instructions.
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10

Isolation and Quantification of PBMC-Derived DNA

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Blood samples (~0.7 mL) were obtained by intracardiac puncture and were mixed with 3 mL of PBS (pH 7.4) in a blood collection tube spray-coated with K2EDTA (BD Vacutainer). This mixture was then carefully layered over 4 mL of Histopaque 1083 (Sigma-Aldrich) solution in 15-mL conical tubes. The samples were then centrifuged at 18°C–20°C for 30 minutes (400 g; deceleration without brake), and the layer containing PBMCs was carefully pipetted out into 1-mL Eppendorf tubes. After subsequent washes with PBS (2 × 10 minutes), centrifugation (2 × 10 minutes at 400 g), and removal of supernatant solution, the PBMC pellet was processed further for DNA isolation using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit (Qiagen) per the manufacturer’s instructions. The quantity and quality of DNA were quantified using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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