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Alexa fluor 594 conjugated goat anti rabbit igg antibody

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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The Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody is a secondary antibody that binds to rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules. The antibody is conjugated with the Alexa Fluor 594 fluorescent dye, which enables detection and visualization of target proteins in various applications, such as immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.

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17 protocols using alexa fluor 594 conjugated goat anti rabbit igg antibody

1

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Enrichment and Analysis

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KU-63794 was obtained from CalBiochem and AZD8055 was purchased from Selleckchem. Phycoerythrin (PE) Cy7-conjugated anti-Sca-1 (Clone E13-161.7, rat IgG2a), APC-conjugated anti-c-kit (Clone 2B8, rat IgG2b), and purified rat anti-CD 16/CD32 (Clone 2.4G2, Fcγ receptor blocker, rat IgG2b) were purchased from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA). Both mouse and human Hematopoietic Progenitor (Stem) Cell Enrichment Set-DM were purchased from BD Biosciences. Recombinant mouse thrombopoietin (TPO) was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). The rabbit anti-phospho-p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) monoclonal antibody and active (cleaved) caspase-3 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling. The Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA).
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2

Immunohistochemical Staining of Ileal Tissue

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Frozen sections of ileal tissue were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature, then washed thrice with PBS, permeabilized in 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min at room temperature. After washing with PBS, the nonspecific binding sites were blocked with 5% normal goat serum in PBS for 30 min. Then, the sections were incubated with monoclonal rabbit antibody against ZO-1 (1:200, Invitrogen), ASC (1:100, Cell Signaling), LC3B (1:100, Sigma) at 4°C overnight. After washing thrice in PBS, sections were incubated with secondary Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:200, Invitrogen) and DAPI (1:1000, Sigma) for 1 hour at room temperature. After washing thrice in PBS, sections were mounted using Slowfade reagents (Invitrogen). Images were obtained using a TCS SP5 laser confocal microscopy (Leica, Germany).
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3

Immunostaining of Cultured Parasite Smears

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Thin blood smears from cultured parasites were prepared, air-dried and fixed in a 1:1 acetone:methanol mixture at − 30 °C for 5 min31 (link). Smears were blocked with PBS containing 10% normal goat serum (Invitrogen) at 37 °C for 30 min and immunostained with mouse anti-myc monoclonal antibody (9B11, Cell Signaling Technology) at 1:500 dilution in PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween-20 and incubated at 4 °C overnight. Double immunostaining of smears was done with rabbit anti-SBP4 at 1:1000 dilution. The smears were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse or Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:500; Invitrogen) at 37 °C for 30 min. Nuclei were stained by incubation of smears with 1 μg/mL Hoechst 33342 solution. The smears were examined using a confocal laser-scanning microscope (CS-SP5, Leica Micro-system, Wetzlar, Germany).
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4

Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

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After 2 h of incubation, the medium containing the reagents was removed, and the remaining cells were washed with PBS followed by fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min. Thereafter, the specimens were made to react with 5 μg/ml of rabbit anti-human citrullinated histone 3 polyclonal antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for 60 min at room temperature. After removal of unbound antibody, the specimens were next allowed to react with 1:500 dilution of Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (Invitrogen, Tokyo, Japan) for 60 min at room temperature. After washing with PBS, the specimens were finally mounted with the 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-containing solution (Sigma-Aldrich). NET formation was observed under a fluorescent microscope and was quantified by counting the citrullinated histone 3-positive cells per × 100 power field of view. Data from five random fields of view (×100) were subjected to the quantitative analysis.
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5

Immunocytochemical Analysis of Wnt7a and α-SMA

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For the immunocytochemical analysis, cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min at 4°C and then permeabilized by 0.1% Triton X-100 for 15 min, followed by blocking with 3% fetal bovine serum for 30 min. Primary antibodies: rabbit polyclonal antibodies to Wnt7a and α-SMA (Abcam, MA, UK) were incubated with the cells overnight at 4°C. Secondary antibodies: an Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody and an Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG antibody (Invitrogen, CA, USA) were added to the cells and incubated for 1 h at 37°C. Finally, the cells were stained with Hoechst (Vector, Burlingame, CA) at a 1 : 3000 dilution and were examined under a fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX53, JP).
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6

Immunofluorescence Staining of FFPE Slides

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FFPE slides were baked at 58°C for 20 min, deparaffined in Xylene for 30 min plus 10 min, and rehydrated in serial passage through declining graded ethanol. Heat-induced epitope retrieval was performed at 110°C for 15 min with 1x Target Retrieval Solution (catalog number S1699, Dako) in a decloaking chamber (BioCare Medical). Slides were then blocked with serum-free protein block (X0909, Dako) for 20 min at RT and incubated with rabbit anti-CD3 antibody (1:150, A0452, Dako) and mouse (mIgG1) anti-Sox10 antibody (1:25, ACI3099, BioCare Medical) for 1 hour at RT. After washing, immunofluorescent signal was visualized with Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:1000, A11012, Invitrogen) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated goat anti-mIgG1 antibody (1:1000, A21121, Invitrogen) for 30 min at RT followed by another washing step. Slides were covered with DAPI mounting medium (H-1500, Vector Laboratories). The staining was reviewed using Mantra Quantitative Pathology Image System (PerkinElmer).
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7

Confocal Microscopy of HCAEC-PBMC Interaction

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HCAECs were seeded in confocal microscopy plates (diameter: 35 mm; glass bottom diameter: 20 mm) at a density of 5×103 cells per well and cultivated as described above. Meanwhile, PBMCs were grown in the upper chamber of the Transwell insert (PET 0.4 µm, available for 6-well plate). After 48 h of co-cultivation with PBMCs, HCAECs were immediately fixed with cold 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min, washed with PBS (5 min ×3), permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100, and blocked with 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 30 min. Subsequently, the cells were incubated overnight with anti-LC3 II/I antibody (1:200; Cat: 4108; CST, USA) at a dilution of 200 times in 0.5% BSA. After three times of gentle washing with PBS, the cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:200; Cat: A-11012; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Nuclei were identified by DAPI staining. Olympus FV1000 (IX81) confocal microscope (Tokyo, Japan) was used to capture the fluorescent images.
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8

Immunostaining of Cultured Parasites

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Thin blood smears from cultured parasites were prepared, air-dried and fixed in a 1:1 acetone:methanol mixture at -30°C for 5 min 29 . Smears were blocked with PBS containing 10% normal goat serum (Invitrogen) at 37°C for 30 min and immunostained with mouse anti-myc monoclonal antibody (9B11, Cell Signaling Technology) at 1:500 dilution in PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween-20 and incubated at 4°C overnight. Double immunostaining of smears was done with rabbit anti-SBP4 at 1:1000 dilution. The smears were incubated with Alexa fluor ® 488conjugated goat anti-mouse or Alexa fluor ® 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:500; Invitrogen) at 37°C for 30 min. Nuclei were stained by incubation of smears with 1 μg/mL Hoechst 33342 solution. The smears were examined using a confocal laser-scanning microscope (CS-SP5, Leica Micro-system, Wetzlar, Germany).
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9

Neutrophil NET Formation Assay

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Neutrophils from a healthy volunteer were seeded in the wells of four-well chamber slides (1 × 10 6 /ml), treated with 5 ng/ml TNF-α for 15 min at 37ºC, and then exposed to 250 μg/ml of the eluted IgG samples from MPA patients (n=19) and healthy individuals (n=8). After incubation for 3 h at 37ºC, the supernatants were removed and then the remaining cells on the slides were fixed with 4% PFA for 15 min at room temperature. Thereafter, the samples were washed with PBS and then allowed to react with rabbit anti-Cit-H3 antibody (1:100) for 1 h at room temperature. After washing with PBS, the samples were next exposed to Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:500; Invitrogen) for 1 h at room temperature followed by mounting with the DAPI-containing solution. Photomicrographs (magnification, ×200) were taken randomly (six fields per well of chamber slides), and then the number of Cit-H3-positive and DAPI-positive NETs was counted using the ImageJ software (free software; https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/index.html). Data were standardized by the number of DAPI-positive neutrophils.
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10

Immunohistochemical Analysis of ARE-luc2 Mouse Brains

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ARE-luc2 mice were sacrificed and perfused transcardially with cold saline solution followed by 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS. Brains were immediately removed, post-fixed in the 4% paraformaldehyde fixative for 24 h and then transferred in solutions of sucrose at increasing concentrations (up to 30%) during the following 72 h. Samples were then frozen and stored at −80°C for successive analyses. Serial coronal sections of 40 μm were cut throughout the brain using a freezing sliding microtome (Leika SM 2000R) and stored at −20°C in a solution containing 30% ethylene glycol, 20% glycerol and 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer until use. The slide-mounted sections were rinsed in PBS and incubated in PBS containing 10% NGS and 0.3% TX-100 at room temperature. Sections were then incubated at 4°C in PBS/1% NGS/0.3% TX-100 containing a rabbit polyclonal anti-RFP antibody (diluted 1:400; Abcam, Cambridge, UK). After a 24 h incubation sections were rinsed in PBS and incubated 1 h at RT in PBS/1% NGS containing the Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody (1:300; Molecular Probes, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Finally, sections were rinsed in PBS and covered with Prolong with DAPI (Molecular Probes, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
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