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Spss 21 software package

Manufactured by IBM
Sourced in United States

SPSS 21 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides tools for data analysis, data management, and data visualization. The software is designed to help users analyze and interpret data effectively.

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13 protocols using spss 21 software package

1

Statistical Analysis of Suicide Risk

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SPSS software package 21.0 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for all statistical evaluations. Descriptive statistics included mean, median, standard deviations, and range values for continuous data; for categorical data, they included percentage and frequency. Comparisons between groups were analyzed using the Student’s t-test, Chi-square test, and ANOVA, depending upon the distribution of variables. Correlation analysis was performed with the Spearman correlation test. Binary logistic regression analysis was undertaken for the evaluation of different variables on suicide risk. Statistical significance was accepted as p < 0.05.
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2

Determining Optimal CD20+ Cell Threshold

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For determination of the cut-off value for dichotomisation, The R package flexmix was used to fit a zero-inflated Poisson mixture model of CD20 data in the discovery cohort. The model is a mixture of two Poission distributions (low and high abundance of CD20-positive cells) and a point distribution at zero. A cut-point for dichotomisation into low and high abundance was determined based on the posterior probabilities.27 (link)Association of CD20 + staining or the B-cell signature with clinic-pathological parameters was analysed with Fisher exact test or Pearson Chi-square test.
The duration of survival time was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the date of death or last known follow-up. Probabilities of survival were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The correlation of CD20 status with outcome was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression model in uni- and multi-variable analyses.
Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS software package 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY). P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
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3

Prognostic Impact of NRP1 Levels

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For comparison of mean values, an unpaired two‐tailed Student's t‐test was performed as indicated and p‐values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Association of NRP1 levels with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed with Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi‐square test. Probabilities of survival were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test. The correlation of patient survival time with VEGFR2/NRP1 trans complexes, NRP1 levels in tumor cells or NRP1 levels in perivascular tumor cells was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression model in uni‐ and multivariable analyses. The SPSS software package 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis, and p‐values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
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4

Survival Analysis of Immune Cell Markers

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Pearson Chi‐square test was used for analyzing association of HRG RNA and protein expression, and HRG levels with the immune cell markers CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68. The Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test were used to estimate overall survival and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for comparing hazard rates in univariable and multivariable analyses. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age (dichotomized over/under 65), sex, and stage. Stage was dichotomized to either high or low stage where Ann Arbour stage < 2 or Musshoff < Pe II were categorized as low stage. The SPSS software package 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis and P‐values < .05 were considered statistically significant. Differential gene expression from the gene microarrays was assessed using the linear model with coefficient evaluation by moderated t‐test. R software version 3.5.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and Limma package version 3.38.3 were used for the analysis [17 (link)].
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5

Analysis of Variance and Statistical Significance

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Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Student's t-test. Different superscripted letters within the column indicate statistically significant differences among the treatments examined according to Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05) (using IBM SPSS software package 21.0), and asterisks indicate significant differences as determined by Student's t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).
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6

CXCR5 Expression in Nerve Invasion

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The expression of CXCR5 in different PNI status and the association between CXCR5 expression and patients’ clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. The relationship between CXCR5 expression and the expression of Schwann cell hallmarks at nerve invasion front was evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. SPSS software package 21.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) was used to conduct the statistical analyses. Differences were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05 and statistical differences among multiple groups were corrected using Bonferroni for multiple testing.
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7

CTSD Expression and Prognosis in Salivary Gland Cancer

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The expression of CTSD in normal salivary gland and different PNI status was evaluated using Wilcoxon test. The correlation between CTSD expression and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed in all patients through the Wilcoxon test. Overall survival rates were calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method and differences between the groups were evaluated using the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by a Cox proportional harzards model to examine the potential prognostic factors. All of the statistical analysis was done using SPSS software package 21.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).The results were considered to be significant statistically when P value was <0.05 and comparison between groups was corrected for multiple testing using Bonferroni.
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8

Asthma Prevalence and Risk Factors

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The prevalence of asthma was calculated to be as 95% confidence intervals using the exact binomial method. The prevalence of asthma was compared by age group (15–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–65), gender (male or female), smoking status (cigarette/water pipe smoker or current smoker), and education levels using Chi-Square Tests. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were estimated using multiple logistic regression models, to investigate the association of asthma and CRS. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21 software package (San Diego, CA) and the P values of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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9

Comparison of Myocardial Infarction Definitions

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Data are means ± standard deviation or numbers and percentage. Comparison between CH and MUCH according to various definitions was performed by using unpaired t test for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Event rates were expressed as the number of events per 100 patient-years. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the association of MUCH definitions with outcome. The forced entry model was used in multivariate analysis. Forest plot was also built and hazard ratios were compared. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. Analyses were made with the SPSS 21 software package (SPSS, Chicago, IL) and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ).
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10

Factors Associated with Anticholinergic Burden

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Descriptive statistics, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) describe the demographic, social and clinical characteristics of the study sample. Chi-square tests for independence (with effect sizes computed by means of Cramér’s ϕ(c)) were applied to the three ACB groupings (total ACB score = 0 vs. total ACB score of 1–2 vs. total ACB score of 3+) to test for a significant association between demographic, social and clinical factors. All significant variables in the latter analysis were then entered in a multivariate analysis simultaneously and co-variated with demographic characteristics, polypharmacy status, level of ID and multimorbidity. This multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with a total ACB score of 1–2 and a total ACB score of 3+, with those with no AC exposure (ACB 0) as the reference category. Results are presented as Odds Ratios with corresponding 95% CIs.
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21 software package (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).
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