P toluidine

5-bromo-2-methylisoindoline-1, 3 dione, p-toluidine and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) were purchased from Alfa Aesar and used as received. Commercially available N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), m-cresol, N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and other reagents were all used as received. TiO₂ nanoparticles with an average particle size of about 30–50 nm were purchased from Neutrino Co (Tehran, Iran). Nitrogen and Carbon dioxide gases from BOC were used for the permeation study. The cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) used in this study were provided by the Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Malaysia, and were isolated from the kenaf bast fibers (Hibiscus cannabinus). The details of the CNFs isolation process are reported elsewhere [48] . The selected fungus was a white rot fungus (Trametes versicolor), which was obtained from the National Collection of Biology Laboratory, University of Tehran, Iran. Glycerol, methanol, acetone, acetic anhydride (95%), pyridine, and malt extract agar (MEA) were purchased from the Merck Chemical Co., Germany. All the materials and solvents that were used were obtained from the suppliers without further purification.

Aniline (99.8%), o-toluidine (99%), m-toluidine (99%), p-toluidine (99%), p-anisidine (99%), o-chloroAniline (>98%), m-chloroAniline (99%), p-chloroAniline (98%), p-fluoroAniline (98%), p-bromoAniline (>99%), n-hexylamine (99%), and 5-(acetoxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (97%) from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), as well as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (99%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA), were used without additional purification. Methanol (99.8%) from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), ethanol (99.9%) from J.T. Baker and isopropanol (99.5%) from Acros Organics were employed as a solvent.