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4 protocols using anti npl4

1

Immunohistochemistry of Cellular Stress Markers

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Cells were grown in 24-well plates with 0.170mm glass bottom (In Vitro Scientific). Where indicated, the cells were pre-extracted before fixation with pre-extraction buffer (10 mM PIPES, pH 6.8, 100 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 300 mM sucrose, 0.5% Triton-X 100, 1mM DTT, 5 μg/ml leupeptin, 2 μg/ml aprotinin, 0.1 mM PMSF) for 20 minutes at 4°C, washed by PBS and then immediately fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were stained with primary antibodies: anti-ubiquitylated conjugateed mouse FK2 antibody (1:500; Enzo, cat. n.: BML-PW8810), anti-VCP (1:500; Abcam; cat. n.: ab11433), anti-NPL4 (1:500; Novus Bio, cat. n.: NBP1-82166), HSP70 (1:100; Enzo, cat. n.: ADI-SPA-830), HSF1 (1:500; Cell Signaling, cat. n.: 4356) anti-ubiquitin lys48-specific (1:500; Merck Millipore, clone Apu2), Sumo2/3 (1:500; Abcam, cat. n.: ab3742), TDP-43 (1:300; Proteintech, cat. n.: 10782-2-AP) and appropriate Alexa Fluor 488 and 568 secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, 1:1000). Cytochrome c was stained by Alexa Fluor 555 conjugated mouse anti-cytochrome c antibody according manufacture’s protocol (BD Pharmingen, cat. n.: 558700).
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Cell Proteins

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Cells were incubated in primary antibody (anti-NPL4, 1:1 000; Novus Bio; anti-AIF, 1:1 000; Cell Signaling; anti-phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) 1:500, Merk-Millipore) after treatment and fixation, and stained with the secondary antibody (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA), and DAPI (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Slides were prepared with mounting medium (Dako, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and imaged with a Zeiss microscope. Signal intensity was quantified with ImageJ (National Institute of Health).
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3

Immunohistochemistry of Cellular Stress Markers

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Cells were grown in 24-well plates with 0.170mm glass bottom (In Vitro Scientific). Where indicated, the cells were pre-extracted before fixation with pre-extraction buffer (10 mM PIPES, pH 6.8, 100 mM NaCl, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 300 mM sucrose, 0.5% Triton-X 100, 1mM DTT, 5 μg/ml leupeptin, 2 μg/ml aprotinin, 0.1 mM PMSF) for 20 minutes at 4°C, washed by PBS and then immediately fixed with 4% formaldehyde for 15 minutes at room temperature. Cells were stained with primary antibodies: anti-ubiquitylated conjugateed mouse FK2 antibody (1:500; Enzo, cat. n.: BML-PW8810), anti-VCP (1:500; Abcam; cat. n.: ab11433), anti-NPL4 (1:500; Novus Bio, cat. n.: NBP1-82166), HSP70 (1:100; Enzo, cat. n.: ADI-SPA-830), HSF1 (1:500; Cell Signaling, cat. n.: 4356) anti-ubiquitin lys48-specific (1:500; Merck Millipore, clone Apu2), Sumo2/3 (1:500; Abcam, cat. n.: ab3742), TDP-43 (1:300; Proteintech, cat. n.: 10782-2-AP) and appropriate Alexa Fluor 488 and 568 secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, 1:1000). Cytochrome c was stained by Alexa Fluor 555 conjugated mouse anti-cytochrome c antibody according manufacture’s protocol (BD Pharmingen, cat. n.: 558700).
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4

Histopathology Analysis of Brain Tissue

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Brains of symptomatic animals were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma Aldrich) and switched to 10% formalin after 24h for long-term preservation. All samples were paraffin-embedded by the Johns Hopkins University Histopathology Core and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (Sigma Aldrich), and with immunohistochemistry for anti-NPL4 (1:100; Novus Bio), Ki67 (1:100; Cell Signaling), Cleaved-Caspase-3 (1:100; Cell Signaling), GFAP (1:500, Abcam) and NeuN (1:500, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). Brains were evaluated for tumor growth, signs of toxicity, and tissue damage.
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