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43 protocols using ab181557

1

Quantifying Ovarian Cancer Biomarker OCT4

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TMAs were conducted using ovarian benign cyst tissues, OC tissues, matched omental metastatic tissues, and an OCT4 antibody (ab181557, Abcam). According to the dyeing depth, the intensity of staining was classified as weak, moderate, and strong. Protein expression was semiquantified using the histochemistry score (H-score), which was calculated as ∑ (PI × I) = (percentage of cells of weak intensity × 1) + (percentage of cells of moderate intensity × 2) + (percentage of cells of strong intensity × 3). PI represents the proportion of positive signal pixel area, I represents the coloring intensity. The final score was calculated as the average H-score of the duplicate TMA for each tissue type (17 (link), 18 (link)).
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2

Protein Expression Analysis in Cancer Cells

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LoVo or SW1116 cells were lysed on ice with the lysis buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) and the lysates were later centrifuged for 15 min at 12,000 × g. The BCA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) was acquired for evaluating protein concentrations. Protein was subjected to SDS–PAGE (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Primary antibodies and secondary antibodies were applied to incubate membranes in sequence. ECL detection system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) was utilized to visualize protein bands. Primary antibodies against MMP2 (ab97779, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), MMP7 (ab5706, Abcam), N-cadherin (ab76057, Abcam), E-cadherin (ab40772, Abcam), NANOG (ab80892, Abcam), OCT4 (ab181557, Abcam), Gli4 (AV37797, Sigma-Aldrich), PTCH1 (ab53715, Abcam), Shh (ab53281, Abcam), Gli1 (ab49314, Abcam), Gli2 (ab167389, Abcam), and GAPDH (ab9484, Abcam) were used, individually.
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3

Co-IP and GST Pull-down Assays for Oct4 Interactions

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For co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), the nuclear extract was prepared according to manufacturer’s protocol (Active Motif, 40010) except that DNase was added for the release of chromatin-associated proteins. The Co-IP was performed using 1:1 mix of Dyna- beads Protein A (Life Technologies, 1002D) and Dyna-beads Protein G (Life Technologies, 1004D), and conjugated with 5 mg antibody and with 50 mg of nuclear extract according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Antibodies used include: anti-Oct4 (Abcam, ab181557), anti-CHD4 (Abcam, ab72418), anti-HDAC1 (Abcam, ab7028), anti-Lsd1 (Abcam, ab17721) and anti-HBO1 (Abcam, ab124993).
Pull down assays were performed using 1 mg of GST-Lsd1 (Sigma, SRP0122) incubated with 1 mg of recombinant Oct4 (abcam, ab134876) and Glutathione Sepharose 4B (GE healthcare, 17–0756-01) resin in the binding buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.5, 50 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl, 0.5% BSA, and 5% glycerol, complemented with a cocktail of protease inhibitors) overnight at 4°C with gentle agitation. The resin was washed twice with binding buffer and proteins were eluted using the elution buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM reduced glutathione, pH 8) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Eluate and input were loaded onto a 10% SDS-PAGE gels and blots were probed using anti-Lsd1 (Abcam, ab17721) and anti-Oct4 (Santa Cruz, sc-8628) antibodies.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Markers

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The tumor tissue sections (5 µm thick) were made by incision using a microtome (RM2125RT; Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). These were immediately fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. The standard procedures of Deparaffinization, rehydration, and antigen retrieval were performed. Next, the sections were incubated with the primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight. Then, incubation with secondary antibodies was performed for 30 min at room temperature. After washing with PBS, the sections were stained with diaminobenzidine (DAB, Sigma-Aldrich) and counterstaining was carried out using hematoxylin (Sigma-Aldrich). The pictures were recorded using a light microscope (Olympus BX 51). The primary antibodies Anti-E-cadherin (ab40772, 1/500), anti-N-cadherin (ab18203, 1/1,000), anti-Vimentin (ab92547, 1/500), anti-CD44 (ab157107, 1/1,000), anti-Oct-4 (ab181557, 1/1,000), anti-c-met (ab51067, 1/250), and anti-Nanog (ab109250, 1/250), and secondary antibodies (Goat Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody, ab205718, 1/2,000) were purchased from Abcam.
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5

Quantifying Stemness Markers in Breast Cancer

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Western blot were carried out in line with standard protocols as previously described [25 (link)]. Anti-OCT4 (ab181557), anti-SOX2 (ab97959), anti-Nanog (ab109250) and anti-GAPDH (ab8245) were commercially attained from Abcam (Cambridge, USA). Briefly, total proteins isolated from BC cells were processed with SDS-PAGE for separation and transferred to PVDF membranes, followed by being blocked with 5% skim milk. Afterwards, the membranes were subjected to incubation with primary antibodies overnight 4 °C. The membranes were then washed in TBST, followed by incubation with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. The blots were then visualized using ECL. GAPDH was applied as the internal control.
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6

Immunohistochemistry of Mouse Xenografts

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The immunohistochemistry of mouse xenografts was done as described previously [49 (link)] at the Laboratory Animal Research Facility (National Cancer Center). For the histological analysis, the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. H&E were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (#H9627). Antibodies used were as follows: anti-OCT4 antibody (#ab181557, 1:50; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-SOX2 (#3579, 1:100; Cell Signaling Technology), and anti-Ki67 (#ab15580, 1:300; Abcam).
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7

Immunohistochemistry analysis of stem cell markers

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All samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde overnight at 4°C and then dehydrated in different concentrations of ethanol. Immunohistochemistry staining and analytical methods were performed according to the protocol of the UltraSensitiveTM SP(Mouse/Rabbit)immunohistochemistry (IHC) kit (Maxim). Anti‐OCT4 (1:1000; Abcam, ab181557), ISL‐1 (1:200; Abcam, ab178400), ERα (1:200; Abcam, ab108398), PR (1:200; Abcam, ab2765), HER2 (1:200; Abcam, ab16662) and Ki67 (1:200; Abcam, ab15580) antibodies were used in the experiments.
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8

Dissecting Epigenetic Regulation via ChIP-seq

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YY1 ChIP-seq: Cell Signaling Technology D5D9Z/46395S (15ug per ChIP). OCT4 ChIP-seq: Abcam ab181557 (15ug per ChIP). H3K27me3 ChIP-seq: Abcam ab8898 (3ug per ChIP). Cas9 Western Blot: Active Motif 61757 (1:100). GAPDH Western Blot: Cell Signaling Technology D16H11/5174 (1:1000). Anti-Rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Western Blot: Cell Signaling Technology 7074 (1:10000). Anti-Mouse IgG, HRP-linked Western Blot: Cell Signaling Technology 7076 (1:10000). The two sgRNAs were designed and used in a previous study [20 (link)]: sgRNA1: 5’ CTCCCTAATCTCAAGTACCC 3’; sgRNA2: 5’ TGTTTCAGAGAGCACGGGGT 3’.
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9

Osteogenic Differentiation Protein Analysis

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Osteogenic medium, scaffolds, and seeded cells were collected and co-cultured for 21 days to obtain cells. RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) was added to extract total cell proteins. Protein concentration was detected usingthe BAC method (Beyotime Biotechnology), and a 4 μg/μl protein solution was prepared. The proteinswereseparated by 12% SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and transferred to a PVDF membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA, United States). After blockingwith 5% skimmed milk for 1 h, membranes were cultured with primary antibodies as follows: ALP (1:1000, ab229126, Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom), BSP (1:1000, #5468, Cell Signaling Technology), OCN (1:1000, ab133612, Abcam), OSX (1:1000, ab209484, Abcam), RUNX2 (1:1000, ab236639, Abcam), OCT4 (1:1000, ab181557, Abcam), SOX2 (1:1000, ab92494, Abcam), Nanog (1:1000, ab109250, Abcam), VEGF (1:1000, bs-0279R, Bioss), and GAPDH (1:2500, ab9485, Abcam). The next day, secondary antibodies (A0208, Beyotime Biotechnology) were added to the membrane, and the protein bands were detected usingECL (NCI5079, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai, China).
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10

Characterization of Stem Cell Markers

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After cell lysis and clarification, the supernatant proteins (50 µg/lane) were electrophoresed and transferred to nitrocellulose. After blocking, the blots were probed with antibodies against CDX2 (1:2,000, Abcam, ab76541), Oct-4 (1:1,000, Abcam, ab181557), Sox2 (1:1,000, Abcam, ab92494), and GAPDH (1:1,000, Abcan, ab9485). After 1 h incubation with the corresponding secondary antibodies at room temperature, the bands were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence.
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