The isolated marine culture was inoculated in 200 mL of optimized production media filled in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks which were incubated on shaker at 140 rpm for 5 days at 30 ± 2 °C. The control unoptimized minimal media containing flasks were also inoculated and incubated similarly to deduce the effectiveness of optimization treatment. The uniform pH of 7.0 was adjusted (by 1 N NaOH) in both optimized and unoptimized media. Aliquot samples of 10 mL were withdrawn at 6 h regular intervals to determine the growth pattern (A600 nm) of the selected isolate. After deducing the stationary phase, the bacterial cells were harvested by centrifugation of broth at 10,000 rpm for 30 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was further filtered by pressure filtrations via cellulose nitrate filters (Millipore filters, Bangalore, India) having 0.45 µm pore size. EPS extraction from the final filtrate was obtained by adding three volumes of ethanol following overnight incubation at −20 °C for complete precipitation. EPS precipitates were collected by centrifugation at 8000 rpm (at 4 °C) for 20 min. Collected EPS was lyophilized until complete dryness and stored at −20 °C for further use [74 (link)].
Cellulose nitrate filter
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Cellulose nitrate filter is a type of laboratory filtration material composed of chemically modified cellulose. It is designed to efficiently separate solid particles from liquids or gases in various laboratory applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
10 protocols using cellulose nitrate filter
1
Optimized Marine Isolate EPS Production
2
Genomic DNA Extraction from Nitrifying Enrichments
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After incubation, the total volume of nitrifying enrichments resulting positive reaction for ammonia or nitrite oxidation and 2 L water samples were filtered on 0.22 μm pore size cellulose nitrate filters (Millipore, Billerica, USA). From samples concentrated on membranes, genomic DNA was extracted using Ultraclean TM Soil DNA Isolation Kit (Mo Bio Laboratories, Inc., USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol, supplemented by physical cell disruption. The membranes were shaken in "Bead Solution tubes" (Mo Bio Laboratories) containing microbeads at 25 Hz for 2 min with cell mill MM301 (Retsch, Haan, Germany) to enhance cell disruption.
3
Fabrication of MWCNT-Based Electrodes
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A MWCNT film was prepared
as previously described.84 (link) Briefly, 2 mg
of MWCNTs were sonicated in 500 mL of deionized water for 30 min and
left to settle overnight. Then 200 mL of the supernatant were filtered
over a cellulose nitrate filter (Millipore, 0.45 μm pore size,
overall diameter of ø = 3.5 cm), leading to the homogeneous MWCNT
film. The MWCNT film was subsequently deposited on a 2 × 1 cm
glass slide with the top 1 × 1 cm coated with FTO (so that the
MWCNT film covered both FTO-coated and bare glass areas) by carefully
dissolving the cellulose filter with several washings of acetone,
leading to the MWCNT film on FTO glass. TheMn pyr modified electrode was obtained by drop-casting
10 μL of a 10 mM solution ofMn pyr onto the MWCNT/FTO electrode (geometrical surface area of
0.25 cm2) in the dark. After 10 min, the electrode was
rinsed with deionized water and the FTO-coated portions of the electrode
were not exposed to the electrolyte solution to prevent reductive
degradation of FTO from influencing the spectra.
as previously described.84 (link) Briefly, 2 mg
of MWCNTs were sonicated in 500 mL of deionized water for 30 min and
left to settle overnight. Then 200 mL of the supernatant were filtered
over a cellulose nitrate filter (Millipore, 0.45 μm pore size,
overall diameter of ø = 3.5 cm), leading to the homogeneous MWCNT
film. The MWCNT film was subsequently deposited on a 2 × 1 cm
glass slide with the top 1 × 1 cm coated with FTO (so that the
MWCNT film covered both FTO-coated and bare glass areas) by carefully
dissolving the cellulose filter with several washings of acetone,
leading to the MWCNT film on FTO glass. The
10 μL of a 10 mM solution of
0.25 cm2) in the dark. After 10 min, the electrode was
rinsed with deionized water and the FTO-coated portions of the electrode
were not exposed to the electrolyte solution to prevent reductive
degradation of FTO from influencing the spectra.
4
Selenium Speciation Analysis in Plant Samples
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According to the methods described by Wang et al. [106 ], 0.05 g of the samples (shoot or root) was placed in 15 mL centrifugal tubes with 5 mL Tris–HCl. After ultrasonication for 30 min, 50 mg cellulase and 20 mg protease K were added. The mixture was incubated in an oscillation box with horizontal shaking (250 r·min−1) at 50 ℃ ± 2 ℃ for 18 h. After adding 20 mg protease K, the mixture was then incubated in an oscillation box with horizontal shaking (250 r·min−1) at 37 ℃ ± 2 ℃ for 18 h. The hydrolysate was centrifuged at 10,000 r·min−1 for 30 min, and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 µm cellulose nitrate filter (Millipore, Billerica, MA, United States). Subsequently, the filtrate was stored at -80 °C for Se speciation analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet treatment-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC–UV-HG-AFS; SA-50, Ji tian Instruments Co., Beijing, China).
5
Isolation of Acanthamoeba from Environmental Samples
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Samples were filtered through a cellulose nitrate filter (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, Madison, USA), pore size 0.45 μm. In order to isolate Acanthamoeba, the filters were inverted onto 1.5% non-nutrient agar plates coated with heat-killed Escherichia coli. The plates were sealed with paraffin film and incubated at 37˚C for up to 2 months. The presence of cysts and trophozoites was controlled daily for 1 month using an inverted microscope.
6
Water Quality Monitoring in HFCW
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Five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), nitrogen forms, total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were measured according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater [60 ]. For COD, TN, N-NO2−, N-NO3− and TP analysis, Hach kits were used. Before the analysis, the interference from chlorides was ruled out by verifying that the chloride concentration was lower than the maximum accepted by the method.
Turbidity was measured using a WTW Turb 430 iR® (Xylem, Germany) Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and conductivity were measured using a portable multiparameter instrument (WTW 3410 SET4, Xylem, Germany). The DO was measured by using a WTW-IDS, model FDO® 925 probe (Xylem, Germany). Electrical conductivity was measured using a WTW-IDS, model TetraCon® 925 probe (Xylem, Germany). A WTW-IDS, Model SenTix® 940 probe (Xylem, Germany) was used to measure pH.
Water samples (300 mL) were collected before water entered and after it left the HFCW units (Figure 1 a and Figure 2 ). Escherichia coli was determined by a membrane filtration technique (with a cellulose nitrate filter of 0.45 μm pore size, Millipore) and using a selective chromocult agar (NPS-COLC) culture medium [61 (link),62 (link)].
Turbidity was measured using a WTW Turb 430 iR® (Xylem, Germany) Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and conductivity were measured using a portable multiparameter instrument (WTW 3410 SET4, Xylem, Germany). The DO was measured by using a WTW-IDS, model FDO® 925 probe (Xylem, Germany). Electrical conductivity was measured using a WTW-IDS, model TetraCon® 925 probe (Xylem, Germany). A WTW-IDS, Model SenTix® 940 probe (Xylem, Germany) was used to measure pH.
Water samples (300 mL) were collected before water entered and after it left the HFCW units (
7
Isolation of Amoebae from Water
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A sample of 100 ml of water was filtered through a cellulose nitrate filter, 0.45 µm pore size of diameter (Millipore, Bedford, Madison). The filters were inverted on non-nutritive agar (NNA) plates seeded with inactivated Escherichia coli and incubated at 25 °C. The plates were microscopically monitored for outgrowth of amoeba every 3–4 days during 10 days.
8
Cultivation and Identification of Amoebic Parasites
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About 500 mL of each sample were filtered through a cellulose nitrate filter (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, Madison, WI, USA), pore size 0.45 μm, using a vacuum pump. Then, the filters were inverted onto 1.5% non-nutrient agar plates coated with heat-killed Escherichia coli. The plates were incubated at 37 °C and the presence of cysts and trophozoites were controlled daily for 14 days using an inverted microscope. Microscopy detection was performed according to the Pussard and Pons criteria [10] . In addition, the pathogenicity of each isolate as a human pathogen was evaluated using a thermo-tolerance test by culturing in 42 °C.
9
Adsorption of Organic Pollutants in Stormwater
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The adsorption tests were performed using synthetic stormwater with added DOM, in this case humic acids, and a mixture of organic pollutants. The HA stock solution was prepared by adding approximately 0.5 g of HA standard to 500 mL Milli-Q water, adjusted to pH 10 using NaOH, and placed in a sonication bath for 5-10 min at 40°C to enhance dissolution. The insoluble fraction was removed by filtration through a 0.45 µm cellulose nitrate filter (Millipore). The pH of the filtrate was returned to 7 with 0.1 M HCl before further use. The solution was stored in amber glass bottles at 4°C and monitored frequently for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) stability. The HA stock solution was used for spiking the samples to ~20 mg DOC/L, which is typically found in natural stormwater. A mixture of the seven HOCs was prepared and all HOCs were added in the same amount to samples. No further adjustments of the synthetic stormwater were performed.
10
Adsorption of DOM onto SBAC
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Adsorption of DOM onto SBAC was tested using eluate (doseSBAC=15 mg, Ci=9 mgDOC/L, V=50 mL) and synthetic stormwater (doseSBAC=100 mg, Ci=120 mgDOC/L, V=50 mL). After 24 h of contact, the samples were filtered through a 0.45 µm cellulose nitrate filter (Millipore), before analysis of DOC concentrations (Table 3). Initial DOC concentrations in eluate and synthetic stormwater were tested on filtered (0.45 µm) samples.
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